Studies in laboratory animals have shown that male offspring from dams, exposed to nicotine during pregnancy and postnatal periods, show alterations in fertility, although the origin of this is still uncertain. In this study, we examined in a mouse model if the process of gonocyte maturation to spermatogonia was affected in male offspring from dams with nicotine administration during pregnancy and postnatal periods. BALB/C mice, with and without nicotine administrations in pregnancy and postnatal periods, were studied. The animals were euthanized at 3, 7, 10, 16, and 35 days postpartum (dpp). Testicular tissue samples were processed for histological, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical studies; and testicular lipoperoxidation was determined. It was observed that in the nicotine-exposed animals, there was increased apoptosis and a reduction in the number of gonocytes that matured to spermatogonia. This gonocyte-spermatogonia maturation reduction was associated with a greater immunoreactivity to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the germ cells. Lipoperoxidation was similar in both groups until 16 dpp, with significant reduction at 35 dpp. Our findings suggest that nicotine intake during pregnancy and postnatal periods can affect the process of maturation of gonocytes to spermatogonia and the pool of available spermatogonia for spermatogenesis.

中文翻译：

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胎儿和产后尼古丁暴露改变了小鼠精原细胞的生殖细胞成熟

对实验室动物的研究表明，在怀孕和产后期间暴露于尼古丁的水坝的雄性后代表现出生育能力的改变，尽管其起源仍不确定。在这项研究中，我们在小鼠模型中检查了在怀孕和产后期间给予尼古丁的水坝雄性后代的生殖细胞成熟为精原细胞的过程是否受到影响。研究了 BALB/C 小鼠，在怀孕和产后期间服用和不服用尼古丁。在产后 3、7、10、16 和 35 天 (dpp) 对动物实施安乐死。处理睾丸组织样本用于组织学、超微结构和免疫组织化学研究；并测定睾丸脂质过氧化。据观察，在暴露于尼古丁的动物中，细胞凋亡增加，成熟为精原细胞的生殖细胞数量减少。这种生殖细胞-精原细胞成熟减少与生殖细胞中对烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体的更大免疫反应性有关。直到 16 dpp，两组的脂质过氧化作用相似，在 35 dpp 时显着降低。我们的研究结果表明，怀孕和产后时期的尼古丁摄入会影响生殖细胞成熟为精原细胞的过程以及用于精子发生的可用精原细胞池。在 35 dpp 时显着减少。我们的研究结果表明，怀孕和产后时期的尼古丁摄入会影响生殖细胞成熟为精原细胞的过程以及用于精子发生的可用精原细胞池。在 35 dpp 时显着减少。我们的研究结果表明，怀孕和产后时期的尼古丁摄入会影响生殖细胞成熟为精原细胞的过程以及用于精子发生的可用精原细胞池。