Among the most familiar forms of human-driven evolution on ecological time scales is the rapid acquisition of resistance to pesticides by insects. Since the widespread adoption of synthetic organic insecticides in the mid-twentieth century, over 500 arthropod species have evolved resistance to at least one insecticide. Efforts to determine the genetic bases of insecticide resistance have historically focused on individual loci, but the availability of genomic tools has facilitated the screening of genome-wide characteristics. We resequenced three contemporary populations of the navel orangeworm (Amyelois transitella), the principal pest of almond orchards in California, differing in bifenthrin resistance status to examine insecticide-induced changes in the population genomic landscape of this species. We detected an exceptionally large region with virtually no polymorphisms, extending to up to 1.3 Mb in the resistant population. This selective sweep includes genes associated with pyrethroid and DDT resistance, including a cytochrome P450 gene cluster and the gene encoding the voltage-gated sodium channel para. Moreover, the sequence along the sweep is nearly identical in the genome assembled from a population founded in 1966, suggesting that the foundation for insecticide resistance may date back a half-century, when California’s Central Valley experienced massive area-wide applications of DDT for pest control.

中文翻译：

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简而言之，选择性清除：杏仁农业生态系统中杀虫剂抗性快速进化的基因组足迹

在生态时间尺度上，人类驱动进化的最常见形式之一是昆虫对杀虫剂的快速获得抗性。自 20 世纪中叶广泛采用合成有机杀虫剂以来，已有 500 多种节肢动物进化出对至少一种杀虫剂的抗性。确定杀虫剂抗性遗传基础的努力历来都集中在单个基因座上，但基因组工具的可用性促进了全基因组特征的筛选。我们对脐橙蠕虫的三个当代种群进行了重新测序)，加利福尼亚州杏仁果园的主要害虫，其联苯菊酯抗性状态不同，以检查杀虫剂引起的该物种种群基因组景观的变化。我们检测到一个非常大的区域，几乎没有多态性，在抗性群体中扩展到 1.3 Mb。这种选择性扫描包括与拟除虫菊酯和 DDT 抗性相关的基因，包括细胞色素 P450 基因簇和编码电压门控钠通道para的基因。此外，在 1966 年建立的种群组装的基因组中，扫描的序列几乎相同，这表明杀虫剂抗性的基础可以追溯到半个世纪之前，当时加利福尼亚的中央山谷经历了 DDT 在害虫方面的大规模应用。控制。