Blurring the boundary between bosons and fermions lies at the heart of a wide range of intriguing quantum phenomena in multiple disciplines, ranging from condensed matter physics and atomic, molecular, and optical physics to high-energy physics. One such example is a multicomponent Fermi gas with $\mathrm{SU}(N)$ symmetry that is expected to behave like spinless bosons in the large-$N$ limit, where the large number of internal states weakens constraints from the Pauli exclusion principle. However, bosonization in $\mathrm{SU}(N)$ fermions has never been established in high dimensions where exact solutions are absent. Here, we report direct evidence for bosonization in a $\mathrm{SU}(N)$ fermionic ytterbium gas with tunable $N$ in three dimensions (3D). We measure contacts, the central quantity controlling dilute quantum gases, from the momentum distribution and find that the contact per spin approaches a constant with a $1/N$ scaling in the low-fugacity regime consistent with our theoretical prediction. This scaling signifies the vanishing role of the fermionic statistics in thermodynamics and allows us to verify bosonization through measuring a single physical quantity. Our work delivers a highly controllable quantum simulator to exchange the bosonic and fermionic statistics through tuning the internal degrees of freedom in any generic dimensions. It also suggests a new route toward exploring multicomponent quantum systems and their underlying symmetries with contacts.

中文翻译：

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SU（N）Fe离子的三维气体中的玻色化证据

玻色子和费米子之间的边界的模糊是多种学科中众多有趣的量子现象的核心，从凝聚态物理学，原子，分子，光学物理学到高能物理学，这些学科都应运而生。一个这样的例子是多组分费米气体$苏（ñ）$ 在大的情况下，预期会表现得像无旋玻色子的对称$ñ$限制，大量的内部国家削弱了来自保利排除原则的约束。但是，在$苏（ñ）$费米子从未在没有精确解决方案的高维度上建立。在这里，我们报告了在$苏（ñ）$ 可调m铁离子y气 $ñ$三维（3D）。我们从动量分布中测量了接触（控制稀量子气体的中心量），发现每次自旋的接触都随着$\mathrm{1个}/ñ$低烟度状态下的比例缩放与我们的理论预测一致。这种缩放比例标志着费米离子统计在热力学中的消失，并使我们能够通过测量单个物理量来验证玻色化。我们的工作提供了一个高度可控的量子模拟器，可以通过调整任何通用维度的内部自由度来交换玻色子和费米子统计信息。它还为探索多组分量子系统及其与接触的基本对称性提出了一条新途径。