Abstract

The application of antagonistic fungi for plant protection has attracted considerable interest because they may potentially replace the use of chemical pesticides. Antipathogenic activities confirmed in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from microorganisms have potential to serve as biocontrol agents against pre- and post-harvest diseases. In the present study, we investigated Galactomyces fungi isolated from rotten leaves and the rhizosphere of cherry tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme). VOCs produced by Galactomyces fungi negatively affected the growth of phytopathogenic fungi and the survival of nematodes. Mycelial growths of all nine examined phytopathogenic fungi were inhibited on agar plate, although the inhibition was more intense in Athelia rolfsii JYC2163 and Cladosporium cladosporioides JYC2144 and relatively moderate in Fusarium sp. JYC2145. VOCs also efficiently suppressed the spore germination and mycelial growth of A. rolfsii JYC2163 on tomatoes. The soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans exhibited higher mortality in 24 h in the presence of VOCs. These results suggest the broad-spectrum activity of Galactomyces fungi against various plant pathogens and the potential to use VOCs from Galactomyces as biocontrol agents.

摘要

拮抗真菌在植物保护中的应用引起了人们的极大兴趣，因为它们可能会取代化学农药的使用。在来自微生物的挥发性有机化合物（VOC）中确认的抗病原活性有可能用作针对收获前和收获后疾病的生物防治剂。在本研究中，我们调查Galactomyces从腐叶和樱桃番茄（根际分离的真菌番茄变种cerasiforme）。半乳杆菌产生的VOC真菌对植物致病真菌的生长和线虫的存活产生负面影响。在琼脂平板上抑制了所有九种受检植物致病真菌的菌丝生长，尽管在Athelia rolfsii JYC2163和Cladosporium cladosporioides JYC2144中抑制作用更为强烈，而在Fusarium sp中抑制作用相对中等。JYC2145。挥发性有机化合物也有效地抑制孢子萌发和菌丝生长A.菌上的西红柿JYC2163。在存在挥发性有机化合物的情况下，土壤线虫秀丽隐杆线虫在24小时内表现出较高的死亡率。这些结果表明半乳杆菌的广谱活性对多种植物病原体具有抗性的真菌，以及使用来自半乳杆菌的VOC作为生物防治剂的潜力。