ABSTRACT

Molecular tools were largely used to characterise native almond (Prunus dulcis Mill.) cultivars, to elucidate their diversification and to establish their membership to Mediterranean germplasm pools. Hereby, the efficiency of the application of PCR techniques to study the genetic diversity of S alleles in almond was tested to identify self-incompatible cultivar combinations and groups. Hence, an analysis with consensus AS1II and AmyC5R and with allele-specific primers was performed for 25 almond accessions including 17 local Tunisian cultivars, 7 advanced selections, and 1 extra group from Italy in order to identify their S-genotype. Interestingly, all genotypes were assigned to their specific self-incompatible groups and a new group (LI) has been established. The two cultivars ‘Dillou’ and ‘Porto’ both considered as self-compatible have been demonstrated to be self-incompatible. Results reveal also a discrepancy for the S-genotype assigned to ‘Zahaaf’ preserved in the International almond collection. Thus, S genes genotyping of commercially used or newly released cultivars is very useful as we demonstrated that it may show that common knowledge may be partly inaccurate. For important varieties, this immediately has a consequence for cultivation practices, also for smallholder orchards as changing an incorrect practice may in time increase yield and also guarantee yield stability.

摘要

分子工具主要用于表征天然杏仁（李子）密尔（Mill。）品种，以阐明其多样化并建立地中海种质库的成员身份。因此，测试了应用PCR技术研究杏仁中S等位基因遗传多样性的效率，以鉴定出自身不相容的品种组合和群体。因此，使用共有AS1II和AmyC5R以及等位基因特异性引物对25个杏仁种进行了分析，包括17个突尼斯本地品种，7个高级选择和1个来自意大利的额外群体，以鉴定其S基因型。有趣的是，所有基因型都被分配给了他们特定的自我不相容群体，并建立了一个新的群体（LI）。已经证明两个品种“ Dillou”和“ Porto”都具有自相溶性，它们被证明具有自相溶性。结果还显示出分配给“ Zahaaf”的S基因型已保存在国际杏仁收藏中。因此，商业证明或新近发布的品种的S基因分型非常有用，因为我们证明这可能表明常识可能部分不准确。对于重要的品种，这立即对种植实践产生影响，对小农户果园也直接产生影响，因为改变不正确的实践可能会及时增加产量并确保产量的稳定性。