The plant cell wall is composed of multiple biopolymers, representing one of the most complex structural networks in nature. Hundreds of genes are involved in building such a natural masterpiece. However, the plant cell wall is the least understood cellular structure in plants. Due to great progress in plant functional genomics, many achievements have been made in uncovering cell wall biosynthesis, assembly, and architecture, as well as cell wall regulation and signaling. Such information has significantly advanced our understanding of the roles of the cell wall in many biological and physiological processes and has enhanced our utilization of cell wall materials. The use of cutting‐edge technologies such as single‐molecule imaging, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy has provided much insight into the plant cell wall as an intricate nanoscale network, opening up unprecedented possibilities for cell wall research. In this review, we summarize the major advances made in understanding the cell wall in this era of functional genomics, including the latest findings on the biosynthesis, construction, and functions of the cell wall.

中文翻译：

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植物细胞壁：生物合成、构建和功能

植物细胞壁由多种生物聚合物组成，是自然界中最复杂的结构网络之一。数以百计的基因参与构建这样一个自然杰作。然而，植物细胞壁是植物中了解最少的细胞结构。由于植物功能基因组学的巨大进步，在揭示细胞壁生物合成、组装和结构以及细胞壁调控和信号传导方面取得了许多成就。这些信息极大地促进了我们对细胞壁在许多生物和生理过程中的作用的理解，并增强了我们对细胞壁材料的利用。使用尖端技术，如单分子成像、核磁共振波谱、原子力显微镜为植物细胞壁作为一个复杂的纳米级网络提供了很多见解，为细胞壁研究开辟了前所未有的可能性。在这篇综述中，我们总结了功能基因组学时代在理解细胞壁方面取得的重大进展，包括关于细胞壁生物合成、构建和功能的最新发现。