Nitrogen (N), potassium (K), and phosphorus (P) are essential macronutrients for plant growth and development, and their availability affects crop yield. Compared with N, the relatively low availability of K and P in soils limits crop production and thus threatens food security and agricultural sustainability. Improvement of plant nutrient utilization efficiency provides a potential route to overcome the effects of K and P deficiencies. Investigation of the molecular mechanisms underlying how plants sense, absorb, transport, and use K and P is an important prerequisite to improve crop nutrient utilization efficiency. In this review, we summarize current understanding of K and P transport and signaling in plants, mainly taking Arabidopsis thaliana and rice (Oryza sativa) as examples. We also discuss the mechanisms coordinating transport of N and K, as well as P and N.

中文翻译：

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植物中钾和磷的转运和信号传导

氮 (N)、钾 (K) 和磷 (P) 是植物生长发育必不可少的常量营养素，它们的可用性会影响作物产量。与氮相比，土壤中钾和磷相对较低的可用性限制了作物生产，从而威胁到粮食安全和农业可持续性。提高植物养分利用效率提供了克服钾和磷缺乏影响的潜在途径。研究植物如何感知、吸收、运输和利用钾和磷的分子机制是提高作物养分利用效率的重要前提。在这篇综述中，我们总结了目前对植物中钾和磷转运和信号传导的理解，主要以拟南芥和水稻（Oryza sativa) 作为例子。我们还讨论了协调 N 和 K 以及 P 和 N 传输的机制。