Ensuring the provision of essential ecosystem services in systems affected by multiple stressors is a key challenge for theoretical and applied ecology. Trait‐based approaches have increasingly been used in multiple‐stressor research in freshwaters because they potentially provide a powerful method to explore the mechanisms underlying changes in populations and communities. Individual benthic macroinvertebrate traits associated with mobility, life history, morphology, and feeding habits are often used to determine how environmental drivers structure stream communities. However, to date multiple‐stressor research on stream invertebrates has focused more on taxonomic than on functional metrics. We conducted a fully crossed, 4‐factor experiment in 64 stream mesocosms fed by a pristine montane stream (21 days of colonization, 21 days of manipulations) and investigated the effects of nutrient enrichment, flow velocity reduction and sedimentation on invertebrate community, taxon, functional diversity and trait variables after 2 and 3 weeks of stressor exposure. 89% of the community structure metrics, 59% of the common taxa, 50% of functional diversity metrics, and 79% of functional traits responded to at least one stressor each. Deposited fine sediment and flow velocity reduction had the strongest impacts, affecting invertebrate abundances and diversity, and their effects translated into a reduction of functional redundancy. Stressor effects often varied between sampling occasions, further complicating the prediction of multiple‐stressor effects on communities. Overall, our study suggests that future research combining community, trait, and functional diversity assessments can improve our understanding of multiple‐stressor effects and their interactions in running waters.

中文翻译：

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多种人为压力源对河流大型无脊椎动物群落组成和功能多样性的影响

确保在受多种压力影响的系统中提供基本的生态系统服务是理论和应用生态学面临的主要挑战。基于特质的方法已越来越多地用于淡水多应激源研究中，因为它们潜在地提供了一种强有力的方法来探索人口和社区变化的潜在机制。与流动性，生活史，形态和摄食习惯相关的底栖大型无脊椎动物特征通常用于确定环境驱动因素如何构造河流群落。然而，迄今为止，关于流态无脊椎动物的多应激源研究更多地集中在分类学上，而不是功能指标上。我们在由原始山ane流喂养的64个流中膜中进行了完全交叉的4因子实验（定居21天，操作21天），并研究了暴露2到3周后营养物质的富集，流速降低和沉降对无脊椎动物群落，分类群，功能多样性和性状变量的影响。89％的社区结构指标，59％的普通分类单元，50％的功能多样性指标和79％的功能特征分别对至少一个压力源做出了响应。沉积的细沉积物和流速降低的影响最大，影响无脊椎动物的丰度和多样性，其影响转化为功能冗余的降低。应激源效应通常在采样时机之间有所不同，从而使对社区的多重应激源效应的预测更加复杂。总体而言，我们的研究表明，将来结合社区，特质，