Regardless of the water sanitation infrastructure and the degree of water pollution abatement that it could promote, the debate has intensified about the adaptation of sewage treatment objectives to concepts of circular economy and sustainability. This discussion includes understanding how to promote more efficient use of energy and inputs and the utilization of intermediate and final resources that can be generated in the liquid, solid, and gaseous phases throughout the wastewater treatment. Growing concerns over energy security, environmental impacts, and rising energy costs of wastewater treatment plants have made the anaerobic digestion process a viable technology to produce renewable energy. Therefore, biogas generated in anaerobic sewage treatment units and anaerobic sludge digestion has great potential. This work aims to review recent advances in technology to induce biogas generation in anaerobic digesters, including pretreatment methods (thermal, physical-chemical, and biological) and co-digestion with other organic residues. Mechanisms, advantages, drawbacks, technical and economic aspects are discussed. Among the strategies evaluated, biological pretreatment and co-digestion are more promising in terms of efficiency and costs. Nevertheless, these technologies should be carefully assessed from different perspectives to consolidate their full-scale application.

不论水卫生基础设施及其可促进的水污染减轻程度如何，关于将污水处理目标适应循环经济和可持续性概念的争论都在加剧。讨论包括了解如何促进能源和投入的更有效利用，以及在整个废水处理过程中可以在液相，固相和气相中产生的中间和最终资源的利用。对能源安全，环境影响以及废水处理厂能源成本的日益增长的关注使厌氧消化工艺成为生产可再生能源的可行技术。因此，厌氧污水处理单元产生的沼气和厌氧污泥的消化具有很大的潜力。这项工作旨在回顾在厌氧消化池中诱导沼气产生的最新技术进展，包括预处理方法（热，物理化学和生物方法）以及与其他有机残留物的共消化。讨论了机制，优点，缺点，技术和经济方面。在所评估的策略中，就效率和成本而言，生物预处理和共消化更为有前途。但是，应从不同角度仔细评估这些技术，以巩固其全面应用。在所评估的策略中，就效率和成本而言，生物预处理和共消化更为有前途。但是，应从不同角度仔细评估这些技术，以巩固其全面应用。在所评估的策略中，就效率和成本而言，生物预处理和共消化更为有前途。但是，应从不同角度仔细评估这些技术，以巩固其全面应用。