Recent findings have shown that Digital Twin served multiple constituencies. However, the dilemma between the scope and scale needs a sophisticated reference architecture, a right set of technologies, and a suitable business model. Most studies in the Digital Twin field have only focused on manufacturing and proposed explicit frameworks and architecture, which faced challenges to support different integration levels through an agile process. Besides, no known empirical research has focused on exploring relationships between Digital Twin and mass individualization. Therefore, the principal objective of this study was to identify suitable Industry 4.0 technologies and a holistic reference architecture model to accomplish the most challenging Digital Twin enabled applications. In this study, a Digital Twin reference architecture was developed and applied in an industrial case. Also, Digital Twin as a Service (DTaaS) paradigm utilized for the digital transformation of unique wetlands with considerable advantages, including smart scheduled maintenance, real-time monitoring, remote controlling, and predicting functionalities. The findings indicate that there is a significant relationship between Digital Twin capabilities as a service and mass individualization.

最近的发现表明，Digital Twin服务于多个选区。但是，范围和规模之间的两难选择需要复杂的参考体系结构，正确的技术集和合适的业务模型。Digital Twin领域中的大多数研究都只关注制造并提出了明确的框架和体系结构，这些框架和体系结构面临着通过敏捷过程支持不同集成级别的挑战。此外，没有已知的经验研究集中在探索数字孪生与大规模个体化之间的关系。因此，本研究的主要目的是确定合适的工业4.0技术和整体参考体系结构模型，以完成最具挑战性的启用Digital Twin的应用。在这个研究中，开发了Digital Twin参考架构并将其应用于工业案例。同样，数字孪生即服务（DTaaS）范式用于独特湿地的数字转换，具有相当大的优势，包括智能计划维护，实时监控，远程控制和预测功能。调查结果表明，Digital Twin服务功能与大规模个性化之间存在着显着的关系。