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University of California Replacement of Cesium Irradiators with Alternative Technologies.
Health Physics ( IF 2.2 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-24 , DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000001160
Carolyn MacKenzie 1 , Keisuke S. Iwamoto 2 , Kenneth Smith 3
Affiliation  

The University of California possesses a large number of Cs irradiators that are used in a wide variety of medical and research applications. The university president made a system-wide decision to reduce the potential threat of malevolent use of Cs by switching wherever feasible to x-ray irradiators over a 3-y period of time. A Radioactive Source Replacement Working Group of involved faculty was formed to study the topic and to make recommendations as to when alternative technologies could offer equivalency. The Working Group concluded that x-ray irradiators could replace Cs irradiators in most applications, with some likely exceptions. They found that the depth dose curve for the 320 kVp x-ray irradiator was found to be nearly identical to that of Cs down to a depth in tissue of 4 cm. It was concluded that x rays (energies ≤320 keV) are more biologically effective than Cs gamma rays, suggesting that lower doses of x rays will be required to achieve the same biological endpoint as Cs gamma rays. A simple conversion factor for equating x-ray effects to Cs effects was not recommended because relative biological effectiveness depends on multiple factors. They concluded that each experiment should be individually calibrated when converting from Cs irradiators to x-ray irradiators. The lessons learned from implementing the project to date have shown the importance of having senior management buy-in, involving the research community in the decision making process and allowing for exceptions where equivalency of Cs to x ray cannot be established.

中文翻译:

加利福尼亚大学用替代技术替代铯辐射器。

加利福尼亚大学拥有大量的Cs辐照器,可用于多种医学和研究应用。这位大学校长做出了一项全系统的决定,即在3年的时间内,尽可能切换到X射线辐照器,以减少恶意使用Cs的潜在威胁。成立了一个由相关教职员工组成的放射源替代工作组,以研究该主题并就何时可以使用替代技术提供等效性提出建议。工作组的结论是,在大多数应用中,X射线辐照器可以替代Cs辐照器,但可能会有一些例外。他们发现320 kVp X射线辐照器的深度剂量曲线与组织中直至4 cm深度的Cs几乎相同。结论是,x射线(能量≤320keV)比Csγ射线更具生物有效性,这表明为实现与Csγ射线相同的生物学终点,将需要使用更低剂量的X射线。不建议将X射线效应等同于Cs效应的简单转换因子,因为相对生物学有效性取决于多个因素。他们得出结论,从C​​s辐照器转换为X射线辐照器时,应分别校准每个实验。迄今为止,从实施该项目获得的经验教训表明,必须让高级管理人员参与进来,使研究界参与决策过程,并允许无法建立Cs与X射线等效的例外情况。提示需要较低剂量的X射线才能达到与Csγ射线相同的生物学终点。不建议将X射线效应等同于Cs效应的简单转换因子,因为相对生物学有效性取决于多个因素。他们得出结论,从C​​s辐照器转换为X射线辐照器时,应分别校准每个实验。迄今为止,从实施该项目获得的经验教训表明,必须让高级管理人员参与进来,使研究界参与决策过程,并允许无法建立Cs与X射线等效的例外情况。提示需要较低剂量的X射线才能达到与Csγ射线相同的生物学终点。不建议将X射线效应等同于Cs效应的简单转换因子,因为相对生物学有效性取决于多个因素。他们得出结论,从C​​s辐照器转换为X射线辐照器时,应分别校准每个实验。迄今为止,从实施该项目获得的经验教训表明,必须让高级管理人员参与进来,使研究界参与决策过程,并允许无法建立Cs与X射线等效的例外情况。不建议将X射线效应等同于Cs效应的简单转换因子,因为相对生物学有效性取决于多个因素。他们得出结论,从C​​s辐照器转换为X射线辐照器时,应分别校准每个实验。迄今为止,从实施该项目获得的经验教训表明,必须让高级管理人员参与进来,使研究界参与决策过程,并允许无法建立Cs与X射线等效的例外情况。不建议将X射线效应等同于Cs效应的简单转换因子,因为相对生物学有效性取决于多个因素。他们得出结论,从C​​s辐照器转换为X射线辐照器时,应分别校准每个实验。迄今为止,从实施该项目获得的经验教训表明,必须让高级管理人员参与进来,使研究界参与决策过程,并允许无法建立Cs与X射线等效的例外情况。
更新日期:2020-12-17
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