Stent-related granulation tissue hyperplasia is a major complication that limits the application of stents in airways. In this study, an arsenic trioxide-eluting electrospun nanofiber-covered self-expandable metallic stent (ATO-NFCS) was developed. Poly-L-lactide-caprolactone (PLCL) was selected as the drug-carrying polymer. Stents with two different ATO contents (0.4% ATO/PLCL and 1.2% ATO/PLCL) were fabricated. The in vitro release in simulated airway fluid suggested that the total ATO release time was 1 d. The growth of human embryonic pulmonary fibroblasts (CCC-HPF-1), normal human bronchial epithelial cells and airway smooth muscle cells was inhibited by ATO. When embedded in paravertebral muscle, the nanofiber membrane showed good short-term and long-term biological effects. In an animal study, placement of the ATO-NFCS in the trachea through a delivery system under fluoroscopy was feasible. The changes in liver and kidney function 1 and 7 d after ATO-NFCS placement were within the normal range. On pathological examination, the heart, liver, spleen, lungs and kidneys were normal. The effectiveness of the ATO-NFCS in reducing granulation tissue hyperplasia and collagen deposition was demonstrated in the rabbit airway (n = 18) at 4 weeks. The present study preliminarily investigated the efficacy of the ATO-NFCS in reducing granulation tissue formation in the trachea of rabbits. The results suggest that the ATO-NFCS is safe in vivo, easy to place, and effective for the suppression of granulation tissue formation.

支架相关的肉芽组织增生是限制支架在气道中应用的主要并发症。在这项研究中，开发了一种三氧化二砷洗脱电纺纳米纤维覆盖的自膨胀金属支架（ATO-NFCS）。聚-L-丙交酯-己内酯（PLCL）被选为载药聚合物。制造了具有两种不同 ATO 含量（0.4% ATO/PLCL 和 1.2% ATO/PLCL）的支架。体外的模拟气道液中的释放表明总的 ATO 释放时间为 1 d。ATO抑制人胚胎肺成纤维细胞(CCC-HPF-1)、正常人支气管上皮细胞和气道平滑肌细胞的生长。当嵌入椎旁肌肉时，纳米纤维膜显示出良好的短期和长期生物学效应。在一项动物研究中，在透视下通过输送系统将 ATO-NFCS 放置在气管中是可行的。ATO-NFCS置入后1、7 d肝肾功能变化均在正常范围内。病理检查，心、肝、脾、肺、肾均正常。ATO-NFCS 在减少肉芽组织增生和胶原蛋白沉积方面的有效性在 4 周时在兔气道 (n = 18) 中得到证实。本研究初步研究了 ATO-NFCS 在减少家兔气管肉芽组织形成方面的功效。结果表明 ATO-NFCS 是安全的在体内，易于放置，有效抑制肉芽组织的形成。