Abstract The formation of cyclones over the sea surface is driven by air-sea interaction with feedbacks on wave generation, thermohaline structures, and biochemical properties of upper-ocean layers. In the Mediterranean basin, strong cyclonic systems having tropical-like characteristics are called “medicanes”. The consequences of such events are usually assessed over the land, however, hydrographic effects are particularly difficult to be quantified mostly due to the rarity of oceanographic in-situ monitoring systems. In this study, the hydrographic effects of a high-impact medicane, crossing the central-eastern Mediterranean in late September 2018 are investigated mainly based on Argo float measurements. We traced its hydrographic fingerprint and examined its effects on the upper-layer physical properties by analyzing temperature and salinity profiles from floats that overlapped with its track. Float data is supported by satellite sea surface temperature reanalysis data and meteorological records. The synergistic effects of intense evaporation and vertical mixing mechanisms triggered by the medicane, resulted in abrupt surface cooling, especially in the Ionian and Aegean Seas. A relatively homogenous decrease of temperature in the upper 50-m-depth layer followed, along with the deepening of the mixed-layer depth, corresponding to an estimated per profile average deficit of (-2.72 ± 1.23) x 108 J m-2 in the ocean heat content. Simultaneously, significant upper-layer freshening occurred because of vertical mixing and heavy rainfall. However, a salinity increase in the subsurface waters was observed after the medicane event, which is associated with both horizontal advection and vertical mixing which followed the weakening of the Atlantic Water signal and the dominance of the Levantine Surface Water in this zone. Our findings highlight strong, short-scale hydrographic alterations made available due to the expansion of the marginal seas operational oceanographic network.

中文翻译：

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2018 年强烈“药物”对地中海中东部的水文影响

摘要 海面气旋的形成是由海气相互作用以及波浪产生、温盐结构和上洋层生化特性的反馈驱动的。在地中海盆地，具有热带特征的强气旋系统被称为“医学”。此类事件的后果通常在陆地上进行评估，然而，由于海洋原位监测系统的稀有性，水文影响特别难以量化。在这项研究中，主要基于 Argo 浮标测量研究了 2018 年 9 月下旬穿越地中海中东部的高影响药物的水文影响。我们追踪了它的水文指纹，并通过分析与其轨迹重叠的浮标的温度和盐度分布来检查其对上层物理特性的影响。浮点数据得到卫星海面温度再分析数据和气象记录的支持。药物引发的强烈蒸发和垂直混合机制的协同效应导致表面突然冷却，尤其是在爱奥尼亚海和爱琴海。随着混合层深度的加深，上层 50 米深度的温度相对均匀地下降，对应于估计的每个剖面平均赤字为 (-2.72 ± 1.23) x 108 J m-2 in海洋热含量。同时，由于垂直混合和强降雨，发生了显着的上层清新。然而，在 medicane 事件之后，观察到地下水的盐度增加，这与水平平流和垂直混合有关，随后大西洋水信号减弱和黎凡特地表水在该区域占主导地位。我们的研究结果强调了由于边缘海洋业务海洋网络的扩张而产生的强烈的、短尺度的水文改变。