Nanoparticles (NPs) have been developed as vehicles for delivering a variety of payloads including small molecules, nucleic acids, and proteins. To overcome the non-specific biodistribution of nanomaterials and target specific sites in vivo, there has been a surge of interest in using autologous cells as NP carriers. To design cell– NP constructs for active targeting, an understanding of the physicochemical interactions that underline NP adhesion, detachment, and uptake is necessary. In this article, we critically analyze the various properties that affect cell–nanomaterial interactions. We describe how physical properties of the cellular plasma membrane such as curvature, membrane tension, and lipid composition affect the attachment of NPs. We discuss the effect of NP properties including size, shape, stiffness, and chemical composition as well as the environmental conditions on the cell–NP interactions. We conclude with an overview of recent applications of cell–NP constructs including cellular hitchhiking, backpacking, and responsive surface attachment for drug delivery.

纳米粒子（NPs）已被开发为用于输送包括小分子，核酸和蛋白质在内的多种有效载荷的载体。为了克服纳米材料的非特异性生物分布和体内靶标特异性位点，使用自体细胞作为NP载体的兴趣激增。要设计用于主动靶向的细胞NP构建体，必须了解强调NP附着，分离和摄取的理化相互作用。在本文中，我们严格分析了影响细胞-纳米材料相互作用的各种特性。我们描述了细胞质膜的物理特性（例如曲率，膜张力和脂质成分）如何影响NP的附着。我们讨论了NP特性（包括大小，形状，刚度，化学成分以及环境条件）对细胞与NP相互作用的影响。最后，我们概述了细胞-NP结构的最新应用，包括细胞搭便车，背包旅行和用于药物传递的响应性表面附着。