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The Roles of High Mobility Group Box 1 in Cerebral Ischemic Injury
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience ( IF 5.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-25 , DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.600280
Xiaoyun Gou , Junjie Ying , Yan Yue , Xia Qiu , Peng Hu , Yi Qu , Jinhui Li , Dezhi Mu

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a ubiquitous nuclear protein that plays an important role in stabilizing nucleosomes and DNA repair. HMGB1 can be passively released from necrotic neurons or actively secreted by microglia, macrophages/monocytes, and neutrophils. Cerebral ischemia is a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide, and its outcome depends on the number of neurons dying due to hypoxia in the ischemic area. HMGB1 contributes to the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia via mediating neuroinflammatory responses to cerebral ischemic injury. Extracellular HMGB1 regulates many neuroinflammatory events by interacting with its different cell surface receptors, such as receptors for advanced glycation end products, toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, and TLR-4. Additionally, HMGB1 can be redox-modified, thus exerting specific cellular functions in the ischemic brain and has different roles in the acute and late stages of cerebral ischemic injury. However, the role of HMGB1 in cerebral ischemia is complex and remains unclear. Herein, we summarize and review the research on HMGB1 in cerebral ischemia, focusing especially on the role of HMGB1 in hypoxic ischemia in the immature brain and in white matter ischemic injury. We also outline the possible mechanisms of HMGB1 in cerebral ischemia and the main strategies to inhibit HMGB1 pertaining to its potential as a novel critical molecular target in cerebral ischemic injury.



中文翻译:

高迁移率族1在脑缺血性损伤中的作用

高迁移率族盒1(HMGB1)是一种普遍存在的核蛋白,在稳定核小体和DNA修复中起着重要作用。HMGB1可以从坏死神经元被动释放,也可以由小胶质细胞,巨噬细胞/单核细胞和嗜中性粒细胞主动分泌。脑缺血是全球范围内死亡和残疾的主要原因,其结局取决于缺血区域因缺氧而死亡的神经元数量。HMGB1通过介导对脑缺血性损伤的神经炎症反应来促进脑缺血的发病机制。细胞外HMGB1通过与其不同的细胞表面受体(如高级糖基化终末产物的受体,toll​​样受体(TLR)-2和TLR-4)相互作用来调节许多神经炎症事件。此外,HMGB1可以被氧化还原修饰,因此在缺血性脑中发挥特定的细胞功能,在脑缺血性损伤的急性和晚期具有不同的作用。但是,HMGB1在脑缺血中的作用是复杂的,尚不清楚。在此,我们总结并综述了HMGB1在脑缺血中的研究,尤其着重于HMGB1在未成熟脑缺氧缺血和白质缺血性损伤中的作用。我们还概述了HMGB1在脑缺血中的可能机制,以及抑制HMGB1作为其在脑缺血损伤中作为新的重要分子靶标的潜力的主要策略。我们总结并综述了HMGB1在脑缺血中的研究,尤其着重于HMGB1在未成熟脑缺氧缺血和白质缺血性损伤中的作用。我们还概述了HMGB1在脑缺血中的可能机制,以及抑制HMGB1作为其在脑缺血损伤中作为新的重要分子靶标的潜力的主要策略。我们总结并综述了HMGB1在脑缺血中的研究,尤其着重于HMGB1在未成熟脑缺氧缺血和白质缺血性损伤中的作用。我们还概述了HMGB1在脑缺血中的可能机制,以及抑制HMGB1作为其在脑缺血损伤中作为新的重要分子靶标的潜力的主要策略。

更新日期:2020-12-15
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