Background: Concomitance of celiac disease (CD) and IgE-mediated wheat allergy is described in some case reports. The objective was to evaluate the frequency of sensitization to wheat, rye, barley, and malt in children and adolescents with CD. Methods: Measurement of serum levels of specific IgE to wheat, rye, barley, and malt (ImmunoCAP; sensitization IgE ≥0.35 kUA/L) in CD patients followed in specialized clinics to verify allergy history, general characteristics, small bowel biopsy characteristics, compliance with gluten-free diet (GFD), and occurrence of symptoms in case of noncompliance. Results: We evaluated 74 patients; the median of age and age at diagnosis of CD were 8.6 years (5.0–12.8) and 3.6 years (1.6–7.0), respectively. Median time of GFD was 3.5 years (1.4–5.8). History of asthma occurred in 17.3% of subjects, allergic rhinitis in 13.5%, and AD in 5.4%. Frequency of sensitization was 4% for wheat, 10.8% for rye, 5.4% for barley, and 2.7% for malt. There was no association between wheat sensitization and age at diagnosis, time of GFD, small bowel biopsy characteristics, allergy history, and gluten consumption. There was no relationship between sensitization to wheat and occurrence of immediate symptoms when not complying with GFD. Conclusion: In conclusion, the frequency of sensitization to wheat, rye, barley, and malt in CD patients was 4, 10.8, 5.4, and 2.7%, respectively. Therefore, to ensure that cutaneous and respiratory contact with wheat is safe, we advise patients with CD to investigate their sensitivity to wheat, rye, and barley because not all patients with CD are allergic to these cereals.
Int Arch Allergy Immunol

中文翻译：

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乳糜泻和对小麦、黑麦和大麦的过敏：我们应该担心吗？

背景：在一些病例报告中描述了乳糜泻 (CD) 和 IgE 介导的小麦过敏的合并症。目的是评估患有 CD 的儿童和青少年对小麦、黑麦、大麦和麦芽的过敏频率。方法：在专科诊所随访的 CD 患者中测量血清对小麦、黑麦、大麦和麦芽的特异性 IgE（ImmunoCAP；致敏 IgE ≥0.35 kUA/L）水平，以验证过敏史、一般特征、小肠活检特征、依从性无麸质饮食 (GFD)，以及在不遵守的情况下出现症状。结果：我们评估了 74 名患者；CD 诊断时的中位年龄和年龄分别为 8.6 岁 (5.0-12.8) 和 3.6 岁 (1.6-7.0)。GFD 的中位时间为 3.5 年 (1.4-5.8)。17.3% 的受试者有哮喘病史，13.5% 有过敏性鼻炎，5.4% 有 AD。小麦的致敏频率为 4%，黑麦为 10.8%，大麦为 5.4%，麦芽为 2.7%。小麦过敏与诊断年龄、GFD 时间、小肠活检特征、过敏史和麸质摄入量之间没有关联。当不遵守 GFD 时，对小麦的过敏与立即症状的发生之间没有关系。结论：总之，CD 患者对小麦、黑麦、大麦和麦芽的致敏频率分别为 4%、10.8%、5.4% 和 2.7%。因此，为了确保与小麦的皮肤和呼吸道接触是安全的，我们建议 CD 患者调查他们对小麦、黑麦和大麦的敏感性，因为并非所有 CD 患者都对这些谷物过敏。
Int Arch 过敏免疫