Mitochondrial activity is essential to support neural functions, and changes in the integrity and activity of the mitochondria can contribute to synaptic damage and neuronal death, especially in degenerative diseases associated with age, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Currently, different approaches are used to treat these conditions, and one strategy under research is mitochondrial transplantation. For years, mitochondria have been shown to be transferred between cells of different tissues. This process has allowed several attempts to develop transplantation schemes by isolating functional mitochondria and introducing them into damaged tissue in particular to counteract the harmful effects of myocardial ischemia. Recently, mitochondrial transfer between brain cells has also been reported, and thus, mitochondrial transplantation for disorders of the nervous system has begun to be investigated. In this review, we focus on the relevance of mitochondria in the nervous system, as well as some mitochondrial alterations that occur in neurodegenerative diseases associated with age. In addition, we describe studies that have performed mitochondrial transplantation in various tissues, and we emphasize the advances in mitochondrial transplantation aimed at treating diseases of the nervous system.

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线粒体移植治疗神经退行性疾病的治疗潜力

线粒体活动对于支持神经功能至关重要，线粒体完整性和活性的变化会导致突触损伤和神经元死亡，尤其是在与年龄相关的退行性疾病中，例如阿尔茨海默氏症和帕金森氏症。目前，使用不同的方法来治疗这些疾病，正在研究的一种策略是线粒体移植。多年来，线粒体已被证明可以在不同组织的细胞之间转移。这一过程允许通过分离功能性线粒体并将它们引入受损组织，特别是抵消心肌缺血的有害影响来开发移植方案。最近，还报道了脑细胞之间的线粒体转移，因此，已经开始研究用于神经系统疾病的线粒体移植。在这篇综述中，我们关注线粒体在神经系统中的相关性，以及与年龄相关的神经退行性疾病中发生的一些线粒体改变。此外，我们描述了在各种组织中进行线粒体移植的研究，并强调了旨在治疗神经系统疾病的线粒体移植的进展。