Flood problems are complex phenomena with a direct relationship with the hydrological cycle; these are natural processes occurring in water systems, that interact at different spatial and temporal scales. In modeling the hydrological phenomena, traditional approaches, like physics-based mathematical equations and data-driven modeling (DDM) are used. Advances in hydroinformatics are helping to understand these physical processes, with improvements in the collection and analysis of hydrological data, information and communication technologies (ICT), and geographic information systems (GIS), offering opportunities for innovations in model implementation, to improve decision support for the response to societally important floods impacting our societies. This paper offers a brief review of agent-based models (ABMs) and multi-agent systems (MASs) methodologies' applications for solutions to flood problems, their management, assessment, and efforts for forecasting stream flow and flood events. Significant observations from this review include: (i) contributions of agent technologies, as a growing methodology in hydrology; (ii) limitations; (iii) capabilities of dealing with distributed and complex domains; and (iv), the capabilities of MAS as an increasingly accepted point of view applied to flood modeling, with examples presented to show the variety of system combinations that are practical on a specialized architectural level for developing and deploying sophisticated flood forecasting systems.

洪水问题是与水文循环有直接关系的复杂现象。这些是水系统中发生的自然过程，它们在不同的时空尺度上相互作用。在对水文现象进行建模时，使用了传统方法，例如基于物理学的数学方程式和数据驱动的建模（DDM）。水文信息学的进步通过改进水文数据，信息和通信技术（ICT）和地理信息系统（GIS）的收集和分析，有助于理解这些物理过程，为模型实施的创新提供了机会，以改善决策支持应对影响我们社会的具有重大社会意义的洪水。本文简要回顾了基于主体的模型（ABM）和多主体系统（MAS）方法论在洪水问题解决方案中的应用，它们的管理，评估以及对洪水和洪水事件的预测工作。这次审查的重要观察结果包括：（i）代理技术的贡献，作为水文学中不断发展的方法；（ii）限制；（iii）处理分布式和复杂域的能力；（iv）MAS作为洪水模型越来越广为接受的观点的能力，并通过示例展示了在专业体系结构水平上开发和部署复杂洪水预报系统的各种系统组合。以及预测河流流量和洪水事件的努力。这次审查的重要观察结果包括：（i）代理技术的贡献，作为水文学中不断发展的方法；（ii）限制；（iii）处理分布式和复杂域的能力；（iv）MAS作为洪水模型越来越广为接受的观点的能力，并通过示例展示了在专业体系结构水平上开发和部署复杂洪水预报系统的各种系统组合。以及预测河流流量和洪水事件的努力。这次审查的重要观察结果包括：（i）代理技术的贡献，作为水文学中不断发展的方法；（ii）限制；（iii）处理分布式和复杂域的能力；（iv）MAS作为洪水模型越来越广为接受的观点的能力，并通过示例展示了在专业体系结构水平上开发和部署复杂洪水预报系统的各种系统组合。