This paper analyses the influence of food safety standards related to aflatoxin contamination on the pistachio trade of the world's two leading pistachio producers (the United States and Iran) during the period 1996–2014. Using diverse econometric procedures, the estimation of extended gravity models shows that both countries benefit from stricter food safety standards imposed by importing countries. The results also show that US exports are not negatively affected by the distance from the importer (higher differentiation), while the impact of distance on the Iranian pistachio trade is negative. The results reveal that stricter food safety requirements are positive for both producing countries, regardless of their level of economic development, resulting in a “win–win” scenario. However, the findings also confirm that other variables, such as distance, the role of producers' associations and quality perception, should be considered. [EconLit citations: F10, F63, I18, Q17].

中文翻译：

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食品安全标准对贸易的影响：来自开心果部门的证据

本文分析了与黄曲霉毒素污染相关的食品安全标准对 1996-2014 年期间世界两大开心果生产国（美国和伊朗）的开心果贸易的影响。使用不同的计量经济学程序，扩展重力模型的估计表明，这两个国家都受益于进口国实施的更严格的食品安全标准。结果还表明，美国出口不受与进口商距离的负面影响（更高的分化），而距离对伊朗开心果贸易的影响是负面的。结果表明，更严格的食品安全要求对两个生产国都是积极的，无论其经济发展水平如何，从而形成“双赢”的局面。然而，研究结果也证实了其他变量，例如距离、生产者协会的作用和质量感知等，都应予以考虑。[EconLit 引文：F10、F63、I18、Q17]。