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Trends in demography, genetics, and social structure of Przewalski’s horses in the Hortobagy National Park, Hungary over the last 22 years
Global Ecology and Conservation ( IF 4 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-15 , DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01407
Viola Kerekes , István Sándor , Dorina Nagy , Katalin Ozogány , Loránd Göczi , Benjamin Ibler , Lajos Széles , Zoltán Barta

The world population of Przewalski’s horses has recovered from very few survivors, and is still categorized as “Endangered” in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. For this reason, the maintenance of genetically valuable populations is highly important. The 3000 ha Pentezug Reserve in Hortobagy National Park, Hungary, was home to 270 Przewalski’s horses at the end of 2018, approximately 30% of the total European population. In this study, we show the main changes in demographic, genetic, and social characteristics of the population since the establishment of the reserve in 1997. The first years clearly demonstrated that the steppe ecosystem and the wetlands in this area were ideal for the population. We observed that the growing number of individuals affected the total number of harems, but not the average size of the harems. Remarkably, a new phenomenon, herd formation, also appeared. The number of foals per year increased for 17 years (the zenith was in 2014, N = 60 per year) then started to decrease due to both non-human factors (e.g. delay in female fecundity and decreasing foaling rate) and human intervention (e.g. immunocontraception treatment). The total number of horses peaked in 2017 (N = 328) and in 2018 decreased (N = 276) due to decreasing foaling rate, exports, and a population crash. The inbreeding coefficient increased slightly after 2012, while gene diversity stabilized at a relatively high value. Today many individuals from this well-monitored population can be found in Russia and Mongolia. Collectively, understanding of the social structure and mechanisms of population self-control in Przewalski’s horses is improved by our observations. From a population management point of view, our study highlights the importance of human interventions for birth-control and interactions between Przewalski’s horse projects in different countries.



中文翻译:

过去22年中匈牙利Hortobagy国家公园中Przewalski的马的人口统计学,遗传学和社会结构趋势

普氏原羚的世界人口已从很少的幸存者中恢复过来,在IUCN濒危物种红色名录中仍被列为“濒危”。因此,保持遗传上有价值的种群非常重要。匈牙利Hortobagy国家公园内占地3000公顷的Pentezug保护区在2018年底拥有270匹Przewalski的马匹,约占欧洲总人口的30%。在这项研究中,我们显示了自保护区于1997年成立以来人口的人口统计学,遗传和社会特征的主要变化。头几年清楚地表明,该地区的草原生态系统和湿地非常适合人口。我们观察到,越来越多的个人影响到后宫的总数,但不影响后宫的平均大小。值得注意的是 也出现了一种新现象,即牛群形成。每年的小马驹数量增加了17年(最高峰是2014年,每年N = 60),然后由于非人为因素(例如女性繁殖力下降和小马驹形成率降低)和人为干预(例如,每年小马驹数量开始减少)免疫避孕治疗)。由于产驹率下降,出口减少和人口暴跌,2017年的最高马总数(N = 328)和2018年的减少(N = 276)。近交系数在2012年后略有增加,而基因多样性稳定在一个相对较高的值。如今,在俄罗斯和蒙古可以找到许多来自受到良好监控的人群。集体地,通过我们的观察,对普氏原羚的马的社会结构和种群自我控制机制的理解得到了改善。

更新日期:2020-12-26
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