Abstract Tire/road noise is a dominant source of passenger car noise, especially above 40 km/h. Given the complexity, variety, and contradiction between different mechanisms, it is a severe challenge to reduce this noise. This paper aims to pave the way to design low-noise tires and assist manufacturers based upon scientific insights. In this regard, unlike other research, all predominant mechanisms, including texture impact, tread impact, air pumping, pipe resonance, Helmholtz resonance, air cavity resonance, and horn effect, are modeled. After verification, a design of experiment method, small central composite design, is implemented for sensitivity analysis of different mechanisms. The analysis of variance results with a high adjusted determination of coefficients and low p-value are discussed to reveal noteworthy guidelines to lower noise generated by each mechanism. The outstanding feature of this parametric study is an illustration of vital interaction effects between factors that lead to different instructions for changing the parameters in each situation. Finally, a novel approach to lower tire noise is provided utilizing a multi-objective minimization method. Since the material properties only affect texture impact, they are optimized by reducing texture noise by the genetic algorithm method. On the other hand, other mechanisms are decreased together using a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm to optimize tread pattern specifications. The outcomes of two smooth tires are verified. The 80% reduction in their normalized noise has resulted in about 2 dB(A) decrement in total noise. Moreover, the average normalized sound of a patterned tire has been 27% reduced by a 10% change in its factors.

中文翻译：

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基于产生噪声的多目标最小化设计静音轮胎的新方法

摘要 轮胎/道路噪声是乘用车噪声的主要来源，尤其是在 40 km/h 以上。鉴于不同机制之间的复杂性、多样性和矛盾性，降低这种噪声是一项严峻的挑战。本文旨在为设计低噪音轮胎铺平道路，并根据科学见解为制造商提供帮助。在这方面，与其他研究不同，所有主要机制，包括纹理冲击、胎面冲击、空气泵送、管道共振、亥姆霍兹共振、气腔共振和喇叭效应，都被建模。经验证，采用小中心复合设计实验方法设计，对不同机理进行敏感性分析。讨论了具有高调整系数确定和低 p 值的方差结果分析，以揭示降低每种机制产生的噪声的值得注意的指导方针。该参数研究的突出特点是说明了导致在每种情况下更改参数的不同指令的因素之间的重要交互作用。最后，利用多目标最小化方法提供了一种降低轮胎噪音的新方法。由于材料属性仅影响纹理影响，因此通过遗传算法方法降低纹理噪声对其进行优化。另一方面，使用非支配排序遗传算法来优化胎面花纹规格，一起减少其他机制。验证了两个光滑轮胎的结果。它们的归一化噪声减少了 80%，导致总噪声减少了大约 2 dB(A)。此外，花纹轮胎的平均归一化声音降低了 27%，其系数变化 10%。