During the past few decades, extensive use of herbicides has created ecological and environmental problems such as dominance of minor weeds due to their resistance to herbicides, and human health hazards. Recognising these problems, an experiment was conducted in two consecutive wheat seasons during 2012–2014 in Central Bangladesh to evaluate five weed control methods: (i) control (weedy check), (ii) one hand weeding (one HW) at 25 days after sowing (DAS), (iii) one mechanical weeding by using a BARI dry land weeder (BARI weeder) at 25 DAS, (iv) Mechanical weeding by using a power tiller operated weeder (PTOW) at 25 DAS, and (v) chemical weed control (herbicide) by using carfentrazone + isoproturon (affinity at the rate of 5.75 g a.i. ha⁻¹). Results revealed that one HW at 25 DAS resulted in lowest weed density (numbers m⁻²) and weed dry biomass (g m⁻²), but highest weed control efficiency (WCE %), followed by the application of herbicide, using either PTOW or BARI weeder at 25 DAS. Consequently, one HW at 25 DAS produced the highest grain yield of wheat followed by PTOW, herbicide, and BARI weeder, while the weedy check treatment produced the lowest yield. Grain yield increased over weedy check by 28, 24, 18, and 15% in one HW, PTOW, herbicide and BARI weeder, respectively. The weed control treatment PTOW also resulted in the highest benefit-cost ratio (BCR) and marginal benefit-cost ratio (MBCR) (1.5 and 10.4, respectively) followed by the herbicide, hand weeding, and BARI weeder treatments. Considering the negative effect of herbicides on the environment and the labour crisis during the peak period of weed control for manual weeding wheat farmers can use PTOW which would also reduce the weeding costs as well as increase yield and net return. However, manual weeding would still remain an option for the resource-poor farmers with abundant family labour.

在过去的几十年中，除草剂的广泛使用产生了生态和环境问题，例如由于对除草剂具有抗性而使次要杂草占优势，并危害人类健康。认识到这些问题，在孟加拉国中部2012–2014年连续两个小麦季节进行了一项实验，以评估五种杂草控制方法：（i）防除（杂草检查），（ii）25天后一只手除草（一只硬毛）播种（DAS），（iii）在25 DAS时使用BARI干陆除草机（BARI除草机）进行一次机械除草，（iv）在25 DAS时使用动力分till操作除草机（PTOW）进行机械除草，以及（v）化学除草通过使用芬太尼+异丙草隆来控制杂草（除草剂）（亲和力为5.75 g ai ha ^-1）。结果显示，在25 DAS下的1 HW导致最低的杂草密度（数m ^-2）和杂草干生物量（g m ^-2）最低），但除草效率最高（WCE％），然后在25 DAS使用PTOW或BARI除草剂施用除草剂。因此，在25个DAS时，一个高产小麦的小麦籽粒产量最高，其次是PTOW，除草剂和BARI除草剂，而杂草处理则最低。在一堆硬木，PTOW，除草剂和BARI除草剂中，杂草检查的谷物产量分别增加了28％，24％，18％和15％。杂草控制处理PTOW还导致最高的成本效益比（BCR）和边际的成本效益比（MBCR）（分别为1.5和10.4），其次是除草剂，人工除草和BARI除草剂处理。考虑到除草剂对人工除草的高峰期对环境和劳动危机的不利影响，小麦种植者可以使用PTOW，这也将减少除草成本，增加产量和净收益。但是，对于那些拥有丰富家庭劳动力的资源贫乏的农民，人工除草仍然是一种选择。