Nanotechnology has been widely applied in tumor imaging, diagnostic and therapy. Beside the prefabricated nanomaterials, constructing nanostructures in living cells through self-assemble provides an alternative strategy to treat cancer. In vivo self-assembly renders the conversion of compatible small molecules into assembled nanostructures with toxicity, and is expected to outperform the prefabricated nanotechnologies as the small molecules diffuse faster than their assembly form. Attributed to the specific tumor environment such as low pH, high ROS, high enzyme expression and so on, in vivo self-assembly could differentiate cancer cells from normal ones with high selectivity. The in vivo self-assembly based caner therapy has made considerable progress in the last decade with confirmed advantages such as high capacity, minimal drug resistance, high accumulation, enhanced retention and so on. This review summarized the in vivo self-assembly of nanostructures induced by the stimuli like pH, ROS, enzyme, metal ion, localized concentration, biominerization and their utilization in cancer therapy.

中文翻译：

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体内基于自我组装的癌症治疗策略。

纳米技术已广泛应用于肿瘤成像，诊断和治疗。除了预制的纳米材料，通过自组装在活细胞中构建纳米结构还提供了另一种治疗癌症的策略。体内自组装可将相容的小分子转化为具有毒性的组装纳米结构，并且由于小分子的扩散速度快于其组装形式，因此有望胜过预制的纳米技术。归因于特定的肿瘤环境，例如低pH，高ROS，高酶表达等，体内自组装可以以高选择性将癌细胞与正常癌细胞区分开。在体内在过去的十年中，以自组装为基础的癌症治疗取得了长足的进步，已证实具有诸如高容量，最小的耐药性，高积累性，保留率提高等优点。这篇综述总结了由诸如pH，ROS，酶，金属离子，局部浓度，生物矿化及其在癌症治疗中的刺激所诱导的纳米结构的体内自组装。