Black phosphorus (BP) is a new two-dimensional material with many unique properties, such as great biocompatibility, excellent surface activity, high carrier mobility, and tunable bandgap. Black phosphorus has been particularly attractive in sensor. However, black phosphorus isolated by traditional methods is easily oxidized and degraded by air, with poor stability, which limits its application as sensors. The modification and functionalization of black phosphorus enhance the stability, sensitivity, selectivity and biocompatibility of its application in sensor. This review describes recent progresses in sensor based on black phosphorus (2016-2020). Firstly, the structure and properties, synthesis methods, modification and functionalization of black phosphorus are briefly described. Then, the advancements in designing of various sensors based on black phosphorus are systematically provided, with a specific focus on electrochemical sensors, electrochemiluminescence sensors and photoelectrochemical sensors. Finally, latest challenges and further opportunities for developing new sensors with black phosphorus nanomaterial are discussed.

中文翻译：

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黑磷传感器的最新进展。

黑磷（BP）是一种新型的二维材料，具有许多独特的特性，例如出色的生物相容性，出色的表面活性，高的载流子迁移率和可调的带隙。黑磷在传感器中特别有吸引力。但是，通过传统方法分离出的黑磷容易被空气氧化和降解，稳定性较差，这限制了其作为传感器的应用。黑磷的改性和功能化增强了其在传感器中的应用的稳定性，灵敏度，选择性和生物相容性。这篇综述描述了基于黑磷的传感器的最新进展（2016-2020年）。首先简要介绍了黑磷的结构，性质，合成方法，改性和功能化。然后，系统地提供了各种基于黑磷的传感器的设计进展，特别是电化学传感器，电化学发光传感器和光电化学传感器。最后，讨论了开发具有黑磷纳米材料的新型传感器的最新挑战和更多机会。