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Ovipositional Behavior of the Egg Parasitoid Gryon pennsylvanicum (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) on Two Squash Bug Species Anasa tristis (Hemiptera: Coreidae) and Anasa armigera: Effects of Parasitoid Density, Nutrition, and Host Egg Chorion on Parasitism Rates
Environmental Entomology ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-14 , DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvaa118
Mary L Cornelius 1 , Bryan T Vinyard 2 , Joseph D Mowery 3 , Jing S Hu 1
Affiliation  

This study examined the ovipositional behavior of Gryon pennsylvanicum Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) on egg masses of two squash bug species Anasa tristis DeGeer and Anasa armigera Say (Hemiptera: Coreidae) by evaluating how parasitoid density and access to nutrition influenced percent parasitism on egg masses of different sizes in laboratory tests. When three parasitoids were exposed to A. tristis egg masses with only three to five eggs, 72.7% of parasitoids became trapped in the eggs and failed to emerge successfully. These results suggest that competition between larvae within the egg may have reduced the fitness of the surviving parasitoid. Continual access to honey water did not significantly influence parasitism rates on A. armigera egg masses and only increased parasitism on A. tristis egg masses with 20-25 eggs. Overall, parasitism rates were higher on A. armigera egg masses than on A. tristis egg masses, and parasitoids were more likely to emerge successfully from A. armigera eggs than from A. tristis eggs. Parasitoids spent the same amount of time probing eggs of the two species, but they spent significantly more time drilling into A. tristis eggs than A. armigera eggs. Measurements taken using transmission electron microscopy determined that the average combined width of the epicuticle and exocuticle of the egg chorion was significantly greater for A. tristis eggs than for A. armigera eggs. This difference may account for the lower rates of parasitism and parasitoid emergence and for the increased time spent drilling into A. tristis eggs compared with A. armigera eggs.

中文翻译:

两种壁球虫种 Anasa tristis(半翅目:Coreidae)和 Anasa armigera 上的卵寄生物 Gryon pennsylvanicum(膜翅目:Scelionidae)的产卵行为:寄生物密度、营养和寄主卵绒毛膜对寄生率的影响

本研究通过评估寄生蜂密度和营养获取如何影响卵块上的寄生百分比,研究了 Gryon pennsylvanicum Ashmead(膜翅目:Scelionidae)对两种南瓜虫物种 Anasa tristis DeGeer 和 Anasa armigera Say(半翅目:Coreidae)的卵块的产卵行为在实验室测试中的不同尺寸。当三个拟寄生物暴露于只有三到五个卵的 A. tristis 卵块时,72.7% 的拟寄生物被困在卵中并且未能成功出现。这些结果表明卵内幼虫之间的竞争可能降低了幸存的寄生蜂的适应性。持续获取蜂蜜水不会显着影响棉铃虫卵群的寄生率,只会增加对棉铃虫卵群的寄生率,其中 20-25 个卵。全面的,A. armigera 卵块的寄生率高于 A. tristis 卵块,寄生蜂从 A. armigera 卵中成功出现的可能性高于从 A. tristis 卵中出现。寄生蜂在探测这两个物种的卵上花费的时间相同,但它们在钻入 A. tristis 卵上的时间明显多于 A. armigera 卵。使用透射电子显微镜进行的测量确定,A. tristis 卵的卵绒毛膜上表皮和外表皮的平均组合宽度显着大于 A. armigera 卵。这种差异可能解释了较低的寄生率和寄生蜂出现率,以及与棉铃虫卵相比,钻入 A. tristis 卵所花费的时间增加。和寄生蜂更可能从棉铃虫卵中成功出现,而不是从 A. tristis 卵中成功出现。寄生蜂在探测这两个物种的卵上花费的时间相同,但它们在钻入 A. tristis 卵上的时间明显多于 A. armigera 卵。使用透射电子显微镜进行的测量确定,A. tristis 卵的卵绒毛膜上表皮和外表皮的平均组合宽度显着大于 A. armigera 卵。这种差异可能解释了较低的寄生率和寄生蜂出现率,以及与棉铃虫卵相比,钻入 A. tristis 卵所花费的时间增加。和寄生蜂更可能从棉铃虫卵中成功出现,而不是从 A. tristis 卵中成功出现。寄生蜂在探测这两个物种的卵上花费的时间相同,但它们在钻入 A. tristis 卵上的时间明显多于 A. armigera 卵。使用透射电子显微镜进行的测量确定,A. tristis 卵的卵绒毛膜上表皮和外表皮的平均组合宽度显着大于 A. armigera 卵。这种差异可能解释了较低的寄生率和寄生蜂出现率,以及与棉铃虫卵相比,钻入 A. tristis 卵所花费的时间增加。但他们在钻入 A. tristis 卵上花费的时间明显多于 A. armigera 卵。使用透射电子显微镜进行的测量确定,A. tristis 卵的卵绒毛膜上表皮和外表皮的平均组合宽度显着大于 A. armigera 卵。这种差异可能解释了较低的寄生率和寄生蜂出现率,以及与棉铃虫卵相比,钻入 A. tristis 卵所花费的时间增加。但他们在钻入 A. tristis 卵上花费的时间明显多于 A. armigera 卵。使用透射电子显微镜进行的测量确定,A. tristis 卵的卵绒毛膜上表皮和外表皮的平均组合宽度显着大于 A. armigera 卵。这种差异可能解释了较低的寄生率和寄生蜂出现率,以及与棉铃虫卵相比,钻入 A. tristis 卵所花费的时间增加。
更新日期:2020-10-14
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