Abstract

Borassus flabellifer L., belonging to the Arecaceae family, is less explored for its nutritional and biological properties. The plant parts such as the tender kernel, tender water, Borassus flabellifer sap, and haustorium are consumed by various communities in India. The present study first time analyzed the cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory properties of Borassus flabellifer haustorium extract (BHE). The protective effect of BHE was estimated in the normal intestinal epithelial cell (IEC-6) against the pro-oxidant insults induced by hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Further, the change in redox status was estimated in terms of antioxidant enzyme activities or the oxidative stress markers. The anti-inflammatory potential of BHE was analyzed in macrophage cells (Raw 264.7) stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). BHE had a total polyphenols and flavonoids content of 37.92 ± 4.03 mg GAE and 7.02 ± 0.61 mg QE. The pretreatment with BHE has significantly reduced the cytotoxic effect of H₂O₂ and MDA (p < 0.01) in IEC-6 cells; restoration of cellular glutathione levels and catalase activity (p < 0.05), with a concomitant reduction in the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and conjugated dienes (p < 0.05) maybe the plausible mode of action. Further, H₂O₂ and MDA induced expression of apoptotic genes caspase 3/7 and apaf-1 was significantly reduced by BHE pretreatment (p < 0.05). Similarly, BHE dose-dependently reduced the LPS (1 µg/mL) induced release of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in Raw 264.7 cells. The study concludes that Borassus flabellifer haustorium can be an efficient antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functional food.

摘要

Borassus flabellifer L. 属于槟榔科，对其营养和生物学特性的探索较少。嫩仁、嫩水、Borassus flabellifer sap 和 haustorium 等植物部分被印度各个社区消费。本研究首次分析了Borassus flabellifer haustorium 提取物（BHE）的细胞保护和抗炎特性。估计 BHE 在正常肠上皮细胞 (IEC-6) 中对过氧化氢 (H ₂ O _{2 ) 诱导的促氧化剂损伤的保护作用}) 和丙二醛 (MDA)。此外，根据抗氧化酶活性或氧化应激标志物估计氧化还原状态的变化。在脂多糖 (LPS) 刺激的巨噬细胞 (Raw 264.7) 中分析 BHE 的抗炎潜力。BHE 的总多酚和类黄酮含量为 37.92 ± 4.03 mg GAE 和 7.02 ± 0.61 mg QE。BHE预处理显着降低了H ₂ O ₂和MDA对IEC-6细胞的细胞毒作用( p  < 0.01)；恢复细胞谷胱甘肽水平和过氧化氢酶活性 ( p  < 0.05)，同时减少硫代巴比妥酸反应性物质和共轭二烯 ( p < 0.05) 可能是合理的行动模式。此外，BHE预处理显着降低了H ₂ O ₂和MDA诱导的凋亡基因caspase 3/7和apaf-1的表达（p  < 0.05）。同样，BHE 剂量依赖性地减少 LPS (1 µg/mL) 诱导的促炎细胞因子释放，包括 Raw 264.7 细胞中的 IL-1β、IL-6 和肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α)。研究得出结论，Borassus flabellifer haustorium 是一种有效的抗氧化和抗炎功能食品。