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Does option complexity contribute to the framing effect, loss aversion, and delay discounting in younger and older adults?
Journal of Behavioral Decision Making ( IF 2.508 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-14 , DOI: 10.1002/bdm.2224 Veronika Zilker 1 , Thorsten Pachur 1
Journal of Behavioral Decision Making ( IF 2.508 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-14 , DOI: 10.1002/bdm.2224 Veronika Zilker 1 , Thorsten Pachur 1
Affiliation
Recent findings suggest that the commonly observed preference for a safe over a risky option, which is more pronounced in older than in younger adults, is largely driven by differences in the complexity of those options. Here we examine whether option complexity also contributes to the emergence of the framing effect and loss aversion in risky choice as well as to delay discounting in intertemporal choice. All of these phenomena tend to be measured with choice problems that involve options differing in complexity. We also examine whether option complexity contributes to potential age differences in these phenomena. In each paradigm, we experimentally increased the complexity of the simpler option, thus reducing differences in the complexity of the options. We found no evidence for an effect of this manipulation on the framing effect nor on participants' preferences in the loss aversion task. On average, participants did not show loss aversion. Increasing the complexity of the option with an immediate reward in the intertemporal choice task made younger, but unexpectedly not older, adults less likely to choose this option. Our results thus indicate that preferences in tasks typically used to measure the framing effect, loss aversion, and delay discounting are only little affected by differences in option complexity.
中文翻译:
期权的复杂性是否有助于年轻人和老年人的框架效应、损失厌恶和延迟贴现?
最近的研究结果表明,通常观察到的偏好安全选项而不是风险选项,这在老年人中比年轻人更明显,主要是由这些选项的复杂性差异驱动的。在这里,我们研究了期权复杂性是否也有助于风险选择中的框架效应和损失厌恶的出现以及跨期选择中的延迟贴现。所有这些现象都倾向于用选择问题来衡量,这些选择问题涉及复杂性不同的选项。我们还研究了期权复杂性是否会导致这些现象的潜在年龄差异。在每个范式中,我们通过实验增加了更简单选项的复杂性,从而减少了选项复杂性的差异。我们没有发现这种操作对框架效应和参与者在损失厌恶任务中的偏好有影响的证据。平均而言,参与者没有表现出厌恶损失。在跨期选择任务中通过立即奖励增加选项的复杂性,使得更年轻但出乎意料地不是更年长的成年人不太可能选择这个选项。因此,我们的结果表明,通常用于衡量框架效应、损失厌恶和延迟折扣的任务中的偏好受选项复杂性差异的影响很小。
更新日期:2020-12-14
中文翻译:
期权的复杂性是否有助于年轻人和老年人的框架效应、损失厌恶和延迟贴现?
最近的研究结果表明,通常观察到的偏好安全选项而不是风险选项,这在老年人中比年轻人更明显,主要是由这些选项的复杂性差异驱动的。在这里,我们研究了期权复杂性是否也有助于风险选择中的框架效应和损失厌恶的出现以及跨期选择中的延迟贴现。所有这些现象都倾向于用选择问题来衡量,这些选择问题涉及复杂性不同的选项。我们还研究了期权复杂性是否会导致这些现象的潜在年龄差异。在每个范式中,我们通过实验增加了更简单选项的复杂性,从而减少了选项复杂性的差异。我们没有发现这种操作对框架效应和参与者在损失厌恶任务中的偏好有影响的证据。平均而言,参与者没有表现出厌恶损失。在跨期选择任务中通过立即奖励增加选项的复杂性,使得更年轻但出乎意料地不是更年长的成年人不太可能选择这个选项。因此,我们的结果表明,通常用于衡量框架效应、损失厌恶和延迟折扣的任务中的偏好受选项复杂性差异的影响很小。