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When, Where, and How to Intervene? Tradeoffs Between Time and Costs in Coastal Nutrient Management
Journal of the American Water Resources Association ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-14 , DOI: 10.1111/1752-1688.12897
Nathaniel H Merrill 1 , Amy N Piscopo 1 , Stephen Balogh 1 , Ryan P Furey 1 , Kate K Mulvaney 1
Affiliation  

Policies and regulations designed to address nutrient pollution in coastal waters are often complicated by delays in environmental and social systems. Social and political inertia may delay the implementation of cleanup projects, and even after the best nutrient pollution management practices are developed and implemented, long groundwater travel times may delay the impact of inland or upstream interventions. These delays and the varying costs of nutrient removal alternatives used to meet water quality goals combine to create a complex dynamic decision problem with tradeoffs about when, where, and how to intervene. We use multi‐objective optimization to quantify the tradeoffs between costs and minimizing the time to meet in‐bay nutrient reduction goals represented as a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL). We calculate the impact of using in‐bay (in situ) nutrient removal through shellfish aquaculture relative to waiting for traditional source control to be implemented. We apply these methods to the Three Bays Watershed in Cape Cod, Massachusetts. In gross benefit terms, not accounting for any social costs, this equates to an average value of 37¢ (2035 TMDL target date) and 11¢ (2060 TMDL target date) per animal harvested over the plan implementation period. Our results encourage the consideration of alternative and in situ approaches to tackle coastal pollution while traditional source control is implemented and its effects realized over time.

中文翻译:

何时、何地以及如何干预?沿海养分管理中时间和成本的权衡

旨在解决沿海水域营养物污染的政策和法规往往因环境和社会系统的延误而变得复杂。社会和政治惰性可能会延迟清理项目的实施,即使在开发和实施了最佳的营养污染管理实践之后,长时间的地下水流动时间可能会延迟内陆或上游干预措施的影响。这些延迟和用于满足水质目标的养分去除替代方案的不同成本结合起来,产生了一个复杂的动态决策问题,需要权衡何时、何地以及如何进行干预。我们使用多目标优化来量化成本和最小化时间之间的权衡,以实现以总最大每日负荷 (TMDL) 表示的湾内养分减少目标。我们计算了通过贝类水产养殖使用湾内(原位)去除养分相对于等待实施传统源头控制的影响。我们将这些方法应用于马萨诸塞州科德角的三湾流域。在不考虑任何社会成本的情况下,在总收益方面,这相当于在计划实施期间收获的每只动物的平均值为 37 美分(2035 年 TMDL 目标日期)和 11 美分(2060 年 TMDL 目标日期)。我们的研究结果鼓励考虑替代和原位方法来解决沿海污染,同时实施传统的源头控制并随着时间的推移实现其效果。在不考虑任何社会成本的情况下,在总收益方面,这相当于在计划实施期间收获的每只动物的平均值为 37 美分(2035 年 TMDL 目标日期)和 11 美分(2060 年 TMDL 目标日期)。我们的研究结果鼓励考虑替代和原位方法来解决沿海污染,同时实施传统的源头控制并随着时间的推移实现其效果。在不考虑任何社会成本的情况下,在总收益方面,这相当于在计划实施期间收获的每只动物的平均值为 37 美分(2035 年 TMDL 目标日期)和 11 美分(2060 年 TMDL 目标日期)。我们的研究结果鼓励考虑替代和原位方法来解决沿海污染,同时实施传统的源头控制并随着时间的推移实现其效果。
更新日期:2020-12-14
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