The 2018 lower East Rift Zone (LERZ) eruption and the accompanying collapse of the summit caldera marked the most destructive episode of activity at Kı̄lauea Volcano in the last 200 years. The eruption was extremely well‐monitored, with extensive real‐time lava sampling as well as continuous geodetic data capturing the caldera collapse. This multiparameter data set provides an exceptional opportunity to determine the reservoir geometry and magma transport paths supplying Kı̄lauea’s LERZ. The forsterite contents of olivine crystals, together with the degree of major element disequilibrium with carrier melts, indicates that two distinct crystal populations were erupted from Fissure 8 (termed high‐ and low‐Fo). Melt inclusion entrapment pressures reveal that low‐Fo olivines (close to equilibrium with their carrier melts) crystallized within the Halema’uma’u reservoir (∼2‐km depth), while many high‐Fo olivines (>Fo_81.5; far from equilibrium with their carrier melts) crystallized within the South Caldera reservoir (∼3–5‐km depth). Melt inclusions in high‐Fo olivines experienced extensive post‐entrapment crystallization following their incorporation into cooler, more evolved melts. This favored the growth of a CO₂‐rich vapor bubble, containing up to 99% of the total melt inclusion CO₂ budget (median = 93%). If this CO₂‐rich bubble is not accounted for, entrapment depths are significantly underestimated. Conversely, reconstructions using equation of state methods rather than direct measurements of vapor bubbles overestimate entrapment depths. Overall, we show that direct measurements of melts and vapor bubbles by secondary‐ion mass spectrometry and Raman spectroscopy, combined with a suitable H₂O‐CO₂ solubility model, is a powerful tool to identify the magma storage reservoirs supplying volcanic eruptions.

中文翻译：

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从熔体夹杂物CO2含量重建2018年基劳斯火山喷发的岩浆储存深度：汽泡的重要性

2018年下东裂谷带（LERZ）的喷发以及山顶火山口的坍塌标志着过去200年来基卢埃厄火山最具破坏性的活动。火山喷发受到了很好的监测，大量的实时熔岩采样以及连续的大地测量数据记录了火山口的塌陷。这个多参数数据集提供了确定提供Kıtolauea LERZ的储层几何形状和岩浆输送路径的绝佳机会。橄榄石晶体中的镁橄榄石含量以及主要元素与载体熔体的不平衡程度，表明裂痕8喷发了两个不同的晶体群（称为高Fo和低Fo）。_81.5 ; 在南破火山口水库（约3-5公里深度）内结晶而远离其载体熔体的平衡。高氟橄榄石中的熔体包裹体在掺入较凉爽，演化程度更高的熔体后经历了大量的包埋后结晶。这促进了富含CO _2的气泡的增长，该气泡最多包含熔体夹杂物CO ₂总预算的99％（中位数= 93％）。如果这个CO ₂没有考虑到丰富的气泡，陷获深度被大大低估了。相反，使用状态方程方法而不是直接测量气泡的重建方法会高估捕获深度。总体而言，我们表明，通过二次离子质谱和拉曼光谱与合适的H ₂ O-CO ₂溶解度模型直接测量熔体和蒸气气泡是确定供应火山喷发的岩浆储层的有力工具。