The Mangalitza lard‐type pig breed is well known for its fat appearance and curly hair, and it is mainly distributed in Eastern Europe. Four main lines were created in the nineteenth century by artificial selection: Blond Mangalitza, Black Mangalitza, Swallow‐Belly Mangalitza and Red Mangalitza. The Swallow‐Belly line has a black coat combined with yellow‐blond throat and underbelly. In the current work, we aimed to investigate if the colourations of Mangalitza pigs are genetically determined by one or a few loci whose frequencies have been modified by artificial selection. The results of selection scans, with HapFLK and BayeScan, and of a GWAS for coat colour highlighted the existence of one region on SSC16 (18–20 Mb) with potential effects on hair pigmentation (Red vs. Blond contrast). The analysis of the gene content of this region allowed us to detect the solute carrier family 45 member 2 (SLC45A2) locus as a candidate gene for this trait. The polymorphism of the SLC45A2 locus has been associated with reduced levels or the absence of melanin in several mammalian species. The genotyping of four missense polymorphisms evidenced that rs341599992:G > A and rs693695020:G > A SNPs are strongly but not fully associated with the red and blond coat colours of Mangalitza pigs, a result that was confirmed by performing a haplotype association test. The near fixation of alternative SLC45A2 genotypes in Red and Blond Mangalitza pigs provides a compelling example of the consequences of a divergent directional selection for coat colour in a domestic species.

中文翻译：

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红色和金色的Mangalitza猪在SLC45A2基因中显示出不同方向选择的特征

Mangalitza猪油型猪品种以其胖胖的外观和卷发而闻名，主要分布在东欧。在19世纪，通过人工选择创建了四个主线：金发Mangalitza，Black Mangalitza，Swallow-Belly Mangalitza和Red Mangalitza。燕子肚脐线有黑色外套，并有黄白的喉咙和腹部。在当前的工作中，我们旨在调查Mangalitza猪的颜色是否由一个或几个基因座遗传决定，这些基因座的频率已通过人工选择进行了修改。使用H ap FLK和BayeScan进行选择扫描的结果以及用于毛色的GWAS的结果突出表明，SSC16（18–20 Mb）上存在一个区域，可能会对头发的色素沉着产生影响（红色与。金色的对比）。通过对该区域基因含量的分析，我们可以检测到溶质载体家族45成员2（SLC45A2）基因座，作为该性状的候选基因。SLC45A2基因座的多态性与几种哺乳动物物种的水平降低或黑色素缺乏有关。四个错义多态性的基因分型表明rs341599992：G> A和rs693695020：G> A SNP与Mangalitza猪的红色和金色外衣颜色强烈相关但不完全相关，这一结果通过进行单倍型关联测试得到了证实。替代品SLC45A2的近固定 红色和金色Mangalitza猪的基因型提供了一个令人信服的例子，说明了在家禽中对外套颜色进行不同方向选择的后果。