Abstract Adverse environmental conditions have a devastating impact on plant productivity. In nature, multiple abiotic stresses occur simultaneously, and plants have evolved unique responses to cope against this combination of stresses. Here, we coupled genome-wide transcriptional profiling and untargeted metabolomics with physiological and biochemical analyses to characterize the effect of salinity and heat applied in combination on the metabolism of tomato plants. Our results demonstrate that this combination of stresses causes a unique reprogramming of metabolic pathways, including changes in the expression of 1,388 genes and the accumulation of 568 molecular features. Pathway enrichment analysis of transcript and metabolite data indicated that the proline and ascorbate pathways act synchronously to maintain cellular redox homeostasis, which was supported by measurements of enzymatic activity and oxidative stress markers. We also identified key transcription factors from the basic Leucine Zipper Domain (bZIP), Zinc Finger Cysteine-2/Histidine-2 (C2H2) and Trihelix families that are likely regulators of the identified up-regulated genes under salinity + heat combination. Our results expand the current understanding of how plants acclimate to environmental stresses in combination and unveil the synergy between key cellular metabolic pathways for effective ROS detoxification. Our study opens the door to elucidating the different signaling mechanisms for stress tolerance.

中文翻译：

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盐热联合作用下番茄植株脯氨酸、抗坏血酸和氧化应激途径的同步化

摘要 不利的环境条件对植物生产力具有破坏性影响。在自然界中，多种非生物胁迫同时发生，植物进化出独特的反应来应对这种胁迫组合。在这里，我们将全基因组转录谱和非靶向代谢组学与生理和生化分析相结合，以表征盐度和热量联合应用对番茄植物代谢的影响。我们的结果表明，这种压力组合导致了代谢途径的独特重编程，包括 1,388 个基因表达的变化和 568 个分子特征的积累。转录物和代谢物数据的通路富集分析表明脯氨酸和抗坏血酸通路同步作用以维持细胞氧化还原稳态，这得到了酶活性和氧化应激标记物测量的支持。我们还鉴定了来自基本亮氨酸拉链结构域 (bZIP)、锌指半胱氨酸-2/组氨酸-2 (C2H2) 和 Trihelix 家族的关键转录因子，它们可能是盐度 + 热组合下鉴定的上调基因的调节因子。我们的研究结果扩展了目前对植物如何组合适应环境胁迫的理解，并揭示了有效 ROS 解毒的关键细胞代谢途径之间的协同作用。我们的研究为阐明压力耐受的不同信号机制打开了大门。Zinc Finger Cysteine-2/Histidine-2 (C2H2) 和 Trihelix 家族，它们可能是盐度 + 热组合下鉴定的上调基因的调节因子。我们的研究结果扩展了目前对植物如何组合适应环境胁迫的理解，并揭示了有效 ROS 解毒的关键细胞代谢途径之间的协同作用。我们的研究为阐明压力耐受的不同信号机制打开了大门。Zinc Finger Cysteine-2/Histidine-2 (C2H2) 和 Trihelix 家族，它们可能是盐度 + 热组合下鉴定的上调基因的调节因子。我们的研究结果扩展了目前对植物如何组合适应环境胁迫的理解，并揭示了有效 ROS 解毒的关键细胞代谢途径之间的协同作用。我们的研究为阐明压力耐受的不同信号机制打开了大门。