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Episodic zooplanktivory by largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) on Daphnia: a 25-year natural history record from a small northern temperate lake
Journal of Freshwater Ecology ( IF 1.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-01 , DOI: 10.1080/02705060.2020.1852124
Tyler J. Butts 1 , Jay Y. S. Hodgson 2 , Michele Guidone 2 , James R. Hodgson 1
Affiliation  

Abstract We observed episodic zooplanktivory by largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides; LMB) ≥ 150 mm total length (TL) on the cladoceran Daphnia spp. over two decades in a small oligotrophic lake. While zooplanktivory is beneficial for young-of-year and juvenile LMB, dietary utilization of Daphnia by adults is unusual because zooplankton are not energetically favorable and the LMB buccal cavity is poorly adapted for filter feeding. We classified the threshold of ≥ 38 Daphnia per feeding event as an episode of zooplanktivory based on data from a zooplankton specialist, the bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus). In this study, 1718 LMB were caught, marked, sampled, and released. Gut contents at the time of capture were collected via gastric lavage. We captured the same 612 LMB 3 or more times. Of these, approximately 26% had at least one episode of zooplanktivory and approximately 6% had multiple episodes. There was no relationship between the population sizes of Daphnia and LMB, but the yearly percentage of individual LMB with at least one episode of zooplanktivory significantly increased with LMB population density. Episodes of zooplanktivory were more likely to occur later in the season when Daphnia were more abundant in the lake. The probability of an individual LMB having a repeat episode of zooplanktivory was not significantly different from expected; however, the probability of a LMB not having a single episode was significantly greater than expected by random chance signifying that some LMB were better than others at eliminating Daphnia from their diets. The probability of episodic zooplanktivory significantly decreased with increasing fish TL and weight but significantly increased with increasing Daphnia abundance. LMB without episodes of zooplanktivory achieved significantly greater maximum weight and body condition factor than those with them, but there was no statistical difference in their maximum TL or longevity (duration between first and final capture of the same LMB). In contrast, LMB with episodes of zooplanktivory had significantly greater instantaneous growth rates than those without. These results suggest that LMB within the resource-limited lake partitioned prey resources when some LMB sporadically targeted under-utilized, energetically unfavorable prey.

中文翻译:

大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)在水蚤上捕食浮游动物:来自北温带小湖的 25 年自然历史记录

摘要 我们在枝角类 Daphnia spp 上观察到大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides; LMB)的偶发性浮游动物,总长度 (TL) ≥ 150 mm。二十多年来,在一个贫营养的小湖中。虽然食浮游动物对幼年和幼年 LMB 有益,但成年人对水蚤的饮食利用是不寻常的,因为浮游动物在能量上并不有利,而且 LMB 口腔不太适合滤食。我们根据浮游动物专家蓝鳃太阳鱼 (Lepomis macrochirus) 的数据,将每次摄食事件 ≥ 38 水蚤的阈值归类为一次浮游动物捕食事件。在这项研究中,1718 只 LMB 被捕获、标记、采样和释放。通过洗胃收集捕获时的肠道内容物。我们捕获了相同的 612 LMB 3 次或更多次。这些,大约 26% 的人至少有一次浮游动物的发作,大约 6% 的人有多次发作。水蚤和LMB的种群大小之间没有关系,但是随着LMB种群密度的增加,每年至少发生一次浮游动物事件的单个LMB的百分比显着增加。当水蚤在湖中更丰富时,浮游动物的发作更有可能发生在季节的后期。单个 LMB 重复发生浮游动物的概率与预期没有显着差异;然而,LMB 没有发生单一发作的概率显着高于随机机会的预期,这表明某些 LMB 在从饮食中消除水蚤方面比其他人更好。发作性浮游动物的概率随着鱼的 TL 和体重的增加而显着降低,但随着水蚤丰度的增加而显着增加。没有发生浮游动物的 LMB 获得的最大体重和身体状况因子明显高于有浮游动物的 LMB,但它们的最大 TL 或寿命(第一次和最后一次捕获相同 LMB 之间的持续时间)没有统计学差异。相比之下,发生浮游动物的 LMB 的瞬时增长率明显高于没有发生的那些。这些结果表明,当一些 LMB 零星地瞄准未充分利用的、在能量上不利的猎物时,资源有限湖泊中的 LMB 会划分猎物资源。没有发生浮游动物的 LMB 获得的最大体重和身体状况因子明显高于有浮游动物的 LMB,但它们的最大 TL 或寿命(第一次和最后一次捕获相同 LMB 之间的持续时间)没有统计学差异。相比之下,发生浮游动物的 LMB 的瞬时增长率明显高于没有发生的那些。这些结果表明,当一些 LMB 零星地瞄准未充分利用的、在能量上不利的猎物时,资源有限湖泊中的 LMB 会划分猎物资源。没有发生浮游动物的 LMB 获得的最大体重和身体状况因子明显高于有浮游动物的 LMB,但它们的最大 TL 或寿命(第一次和最后一次捕获相同 LMB 之间的持续时间)没有统计学差异。相比之下,发生浮游动物的 LMB 的瞬时增长率明显高于没有发生的那些。这些结果表明,当一些 LMB 零星地瞄准未充分利用的、在能量上不利的猎物时,资源有限湖泊中的 LMB 会划分猎物资源。有浮游动物发作的 LMB 的瞬时增长率明显高于没有发生的那些。这些结果表明,当一些 LMB 零星地瞄准未充分利用的、在能量上不利的猎物时,资源有限湖泊中的 LMB 会划分猎物资源。有浮游动物发作的 LMB 的瞬时增长率明显高于没有发生的那些。这些结果表明,当一些 LMB 零星地瞄准未充分利用的、在能量上不利的猎物时,资源有限湖泊中的 LMB 会划分猎物资源。
更新日期:2020-01-01
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