ABSTRACT

This study assessed the effect of soil inputs, i.e., lime, gypsum and fertilizers, on biological parameters, total organic C (TOC), and growth and physiology of soybean under integrated crop-livestock system (ICLS). Five soil inputs were evaluated: CT (no input), T1 (lime), T2 (lime and gypsum), T3 (lime, gypsum and NPK), and T4 (lime, gypsum, NPK and micronutrients). The highest TOC and soil microbial biomass values were found in T4 (7.8 g kg⁻¹) and T1 (146.7 mg C kg⁻¹), respectively. Soil respiration and dehydrogenase were higher in T2 (5.2 mg CO₂ kg⁻¹ and 0.19 mg kg⁻¹, respectively). The highest soybean biomass, shoot dry weight, and chlorophyll values were found in T2 (14.1 g plant⁻¹, 12.6 g plant⁻¹, and 12.9 chlorophyll index plant⁻¹, respectively), while total N and phenols were higher in T1 (27.4 mg N g⁻¹ and 34.1 µg mL⁻¹, respectively). The highest lipid peroxidation and peroxidase activity values were observed in CT (1.9 µM g⁻¹) and T1 (1.58 µM g⁻¹), respectively. The soil conditioning via the application of lime and gypsum can contribute to improving the status of biological parameters and TOC in ICLS, and it could contribute for improving the growth and physiology of soybean.

摘要

本研究评估了土壤投入物（即石灰、石膏和肥料）对农牧综合系统（ICLS）下大豆的生物参数、总有机碳（TOC）以及生长和生理的影响。评估了五种土壤投入：CT（无投入）、T1（石灰）、T2（石灰和石膏）、T3（石灰、石膏和 NPK）和 T4（石灰、石膏、NPK 和微量营养素）。最高的 TOC 和土壤微生物生物量值分别在 T4 (7.8 g kg ^-1 ) 和 T1 (146.7 mg C kg ^-1 ) 中发现。T2 中的土壤呼吸和脱氢酶较高（分别为 5.2 mg CO ₂ kg ^-1和 0.19 mg kg ^-1）。在 T2 (14.1 g 植物^-1，分别为 12.6 g 植物^-1和 12.9 叶绿素指数植物^-1），而总 N 和酚类在 T1 中较高（分别为 27.4 mg N g ^-1和 34.1 µg mL ^-1）。^{在 CT (1.9 µM g -1} ) 和 T1 (1.58 µM g ^-1 ) 中分别观察到最高的脂质过氧化和过氧化物酶活性值。通过施用石灰和石膏进行土壤调理有助于改善 ICLS 中的生物参数和 TOC 状态，并有助于改善大豆的生长和生理。