The Apollo 16 sample 66095, named “Rusty Rock”, is enriched in volatile and moderately volatile elements. The impact melt breccia is characterized by abundant Fe‐rich sulfide and chloride alteration phases, including FeS, ZnS, and FeCl₂. These phases have previously been interpreted to be the result of fumarolic alteration of the breccia. Here we present the results of two different experimental approaches, which aim to constrain the temperature conditions and the process under which the “Rusty Rock” alteration formed. The first experimental set‐up assumes that the metals Zn, Cu, and Fe were introduced into the rock by a C‐O‐S‐Cl gas phase, and that the Fe‐rich sulfides and chlorides were deposited from this gas phase. This “gas deposition” experiment suggests that the alteration assemblage formed over the temperature range of 538–638 ± 5°C. The second experimental set‐up simulates a scenario, where Fe metal particles in the lunar rock react with a Zn‐C‐O‐S‐Cl gas phase at six different temperatures between 396 ± 5°C and 1,005 ± 5°C. This latter “metal reaction” experiment resulted in the formation of sulfide and chloride coatings on the Fe metal chips. The “Rusty Rock” alteration phases FeCl₂ and (Zn,Fe)S were abundantly present in the coating of the Fe metal chip reacted at 580 ± 10°C. Both experiments lead to results which are in agreement, providing a temperature of 580 ± 50°C for the fumarolic alteration on the Moon, as observed in the Apollo 16 “Rusty Rock”.

中文翻译：

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月球火山岩气对阿波罗16号“锈岩”蚀变的实验研究

阿波罗16号样品66095名为“生锈的岩石”，富含挥发性和中等挥发性的元素。冲击熔融角砾岩的特征是富含铁的硫化物和氯化物蚀变相丰富，包括FeS，ZnS和FeCl ₂。这些阶段以前被解释为角砾岩富马酸改变的结果。在这里，我们介绍两种不同实验方法的结果，这些方法旨在限制温度条件和“生锈岩石”蚀变形成的过程。第一个实验设置是假设金属Zn，Cu和Fe是通过C-O-S-Cl气相引入岩石中的，富铁的硫化物和氯化物是从该气相沉积的。该“气体沉积”实验表明，在538–638±5°C的温度范围内形成了蚀变组合。第二个实验设置模拟了一种场景，其中月球岩石中的铁金属颗粒在396±5°C和1,005±5°C之间的六个不同温度下与Zn-C-O-S-Cl气相反应。后面的“金属反应”实验导致在Fe金属屑上形成硫化物和氯化物涂层。FeCl“锈岩”蚀变相在580±10℃下反应的Fe金属芯片的涂层中大量存在₂和（Zn，Fe）S。两次实验均得出一致的结果，如在阿波罗16号“生锈的岩石”中观察到的那样，月球上的喷气性变化温度为580±50°C。