Abstract Hillside RC barriers protected by gabion cushion layers are commonly used as passive defence measures to contain landslides and rockfalls. Gabions are expensive and require extensive maintenance. However, the design of gabion-free rockfall barriers cannot be implemented because of the lack of knowledge with the performance of a bare concrete surface when exposed to low-velocity impact hazards. The key contribution of this article is the adaptation, and experimental validation, of a theoretical model based on the principles of solid mechanics for predicting localised damage (denting and spalling) on a concrete surface. The theoretical model, which consists of closed-form expressions, can be executed using MATLAB or EXCEL for predicting the occurrence of denting and spalling in practical applications. The accuracy of predictions from the theoretical model has been validated by both large-scale impact testing and finite element simulations. The use of the model is illustrated with a worked example to facilitate the application of the presented methodology in engineering practices. The presented methodology has potential utility in the design of structural concrete which is exposed to an abrasive environment. The design of gabion-free RC rockfall barriers is an example of such utility.

中文翻译：

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由低速撞击引起的混凝土局部损坏的预测

摘要 由石笼垫层保护的山坡钢筋混凝土屏障通常作为被动防御措施来遏制滑坡和落石。石笼网价格昂贵，需要大量维护。然而，由于缺乏对裸露混凝土表面暴露于低速冲击危害时的性能的知识，无法实施无石笼网落石屏障的设计。本文的主要贡献是基于固体力学原理的理论模型的改编和实验验证，用于预测混凝土表面的局部损伤（凹陷和剥落）。该理论模型由封闭式表达式组成，可以使用 MATLAB 或 EXCEL 执行，以预测实际应用中凹陷和剥落的发生。理论模型预测的准确性已通过大规模冲击试验和有限元模拟得到验证。该模型的使用通过一个工作示例进行说明，以促进所提出的方法在工程实践中的应用。所提出的方法在暴露于磨损环境的结构混凝土的设计中具有潜在的实用性。无石笼网 RC 落石屏障的设计就是这种效用的一个例子。所提出的方法在暴露于磨损环境的结构混凝土的设计中具有潜在的实用性。无石笼网 RC 落石屏障的设计就是这种效用的一个例子。所提出的方法在暴露于磨损环境的结构混凝土的设计中具有潜在的实用性。无石笼网 RC 落石屏障的设计就是这种效用的一个例子。