The biologicalisation of manufacturing is increasingly seen as a promising strategy towards sustainable, value-added manufacturing. Numerous examples of manufacturing technologies have been developed in the last years based on biologicalisation principles. Moreover, diverse approaches have emerged guiding the development of technologies which might potentially support such strategies. While biologicalisation strategies in manufacturing might lead to an increased resources efficiency, these are and remain human-made activities which imply an inherent and complex interaction with the natural environment. This paper aims at introducing the field of environmental sustainability in the current discussion on the biologicalisation of manufacturing. The strategies and technologies being developed in this field need to be thoroughly analysed using systemic and life cycle thinking. In this paper, we argue that biologicalisation strategies might lead to an absolute contribution towards environmental sustainability. Additionally, the paper proposes a screening approach to guide the analysis of the effects of biologicalisation strategies to the environment and the development of further engineering strategies to put them on a more environmentally consistent track. We then apply a method developed to review some of the related technologies. Although some of the technologies might potentially lead to a significant contribution in terms of environmental sustainability, there is still a methodological gap to support the prioritization of efforts and the (life cycle) engineering and development of such strategies and technologies. We therefore call for a systemic consideration when analysing the opportunities and risks implied by such strategies.

制造业的生物化越来越被视为实现可持续的增值制造业的有前途的战略。近年来，根据生物化原理开发了许多制造技术的实例。而且，已经出现了指导技术发展的多种方法，这些技术可能支持这种策略。尽管制造过程中的生物化策略可能会提高资源利用效率，但这些仍是人为活动，这意味着与自然环境的内在和复杂相互作用。本文旨在在当前关于制造业生物化的讨论中介绍环境可持续性领域。需要使用系统和生命周期思维来彻底分析该领域正在开发的策略和技术。在本文中，我们认为生物化策略可能对环境可持续性做出绝对贡献。此外，本文提出了一种筛选方法，以指导对生物化策略对环境的影响进行分析，并制定进一步的工程策略以使其在环境上更加一致。然后，我们应用一种开发的方法来审查一些相关技术。尽管某些技术可能在环境可持续性方面做出重大贡献，仍然存在方法上的差距，无法支持对这些战略和技术进行优先排序以及（生命周期）工程和开发。因此，在分析此类策略所隐含的机会和风险时，我们需要系统地考虑。