One source of software project challenges and failures is the systematic errors introduced by human cognitive biases. Although extensively explored in cognitive psychology, investigations concerning cognitive biases have only recently gained popularity in software engineering research. This paper therefore systematically maps, aggregates and synthesizes the literature on cognitive biases in software engineering to generate a comprehensive body of knowledge, understand state-of-the-art research and provide guidelines for future research and practise. Focusing on bias antecedents, effects and mitigation techniques, we identified 65 articles (published between 1990 and 2016), which investigate 37 cognitive biases. Despite strong and increasing interest, the results reveal a scarcity of research on mitigation techniques and poor theoretical foundations in understanding and interpreting cognitive biases. Although bias-related research has generated many new insights in the software engineering community, specific bias mitigation techniques are still needed for software professionals to overcome the deleterious effects of cognitive biases on their work.

中文翻译：

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软件工程中的认知偏差：系统映射研究

软件项目挑战和失败的来源之一是人类认知偏差引入的系统错误。尽管在认知心理学中进行了广泛的探索，但关于认知偏差的研究直到最近才在软件工程研究中流行起来。因此，本文系统地映射、汇总和综合了有关软件工程中认知偏差的文献，以生成全面的知识体系，了解最先进的研究并为未来的研究和实践提供指导。关注偏见的前因、影响和缓解技术，我们确定了 65 篇文章（发表于 1990 年至 2016 年之间），调查了 37 种认知偏见。尽管兴趣日益浓厚，结果表明，在理解和解释认知偏差方面，对缓解技术的研究很少，理论基础也很差。尽管与偏见相关的研究在软件工程社区中产生了许多新见解，但软件专业人员仍然需要特定的偏见缓解技术来克服认知偏见对其工作的有害影响。