Gangliosides are particularly abundant in the nervous system (NS) where their pattern and structure in a certain milieu or a defined region exhibit a pronounced specificity. Since gangliosides are useful biomarkers for diagnosis of NS ailments, a clear‐cut mapping of individual components represents a prerequisite for designing ganglioside‐based diagnostic procedures, treatments, or vaccines. These bioclinical aspects and the high diversity of ganglioside species claim for development of specific analytical strategies. This review summarizes the state‐of‐the‐art in the implementation of separation techniques and microfluidics coupled to MS, which have contributed significantly to the advancement of the field. In the first part, the review discusses relevant approaches based on HPLC MS and CE coupled to ESI MS and their applications in the characterization of gangliosides expressed in healthy and diseased NS. A considerable section is dedicated to microfluidics MS and ion mobility separation MS, developed for the study of brain gangliosidome and its changes triggered by various factors, as well as for ganglioside biomarker discovery in neurodegenerative diseases and brain cancer. In the last part of the review, the benefits and perspectives in ganglioside research of these high‐performance techniques are presented.

中文翻译：

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电喷雾质谱联用分离微流控方法在神经系统神经节苷脂糖组学中的发展与应用

神经节苷脂在神经系统 (NS) 中特别丰富，它们在特定环境或特定区域中的模式和结构表现出明显的特异性。由于神经节苷脂是诊断 NS 疾病的有用生物标志物，因此对单个成分进行清晰的定位是设计基于神经节苷脂的诊断程序、治疗或疫苗的先决条件。这些生物临床方面和神经节苷脂物种的高度多样性要求开发特定的分析策略。本综述总结了分离技术和微流体与 MS 耦合的最新技术，这些技术对该领域的进步做出了重大贡献。在第一部分，该综述讨论了基于 HPLC MS 和 CE 与 ESI MS 耦合的相关方法及其在表征健康和患病 NS 中表达的神经节苷脂方面的应用。相当一部分专门用于微流体 MS 和离子迁移分离 MS，开发用于研究脑神经节苷脂组及其由各种因素引发的变化，以及神经退行性疾病和脑癌中神经节苷脂生物标志物的发现。在评论的最后一部分，介绍了这些高性能技术在神经节苷脂研究中的益处和前景。以及神经退行性疾病和脑癌中神经节苷脂生物标志物的发现。在评论的最后一部分，介绍了这些高性能技术在神经节苷脂研究中的益处和前景。以及神经退行性疾病和脑癌中神经节苷脂生物标志物的发现。在评论的最后一部分，介绍了这些高性能技术在神经节苷脂研究中的益处和前景。