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Chronology and environmental context of the early prehistoric peopling of Kamchatka, the Russian North Far East
Quaternary Science Reviews ( IF 4 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106702
Irina Yu Ponkratova , Jiri Chlachula , Ingo Clausen

Abstract The paper summarizes the current evidence on the post-glacial peopling of Kamchatka based on the latest investigations of Ushki V—currently, the earliest and most informative human occupation site complex on the peninsula. The refined 14С site chronostratigraphy and the geo-contextual multi-proxy records indicate at least four stages of the prehistoric settlement, with the most ancient radiocarbon-dated to ∼11300 yr BP (13300 cal yr). The more recent ones encompass the time period from the Pleistocene/Holocene transition to mid-Holocene with the sequenced inhabitation dated to 11330–10350 14С yr BP (13320–12022 cal yr), 10240–9485 yr BP (12225–10131 cal yr), 8608–7645 yr BP (9135–8413 cal yr), and about 5725–4055 yr BP (6679–4406 cal yr). The regional tephrochronology provides the most accurate time assessment of the occupation habitat evolution in a dynamic neo-volcanic landscape leading to the formation of the present relief. The principal archaeological tephra layers, being the key absolute markers associated with the time-equivalent volcanic eruptions, are: SH1 (265 yr BP), SH2 (950 yr BP), SH3 (1400 yr BP), SH5 (2500 yr BP), SH8300 (8300 yr BP) from the Shiveluch volcano; OP (1500 yr BP) from the Baranii Crater (the Opala volcano); KS1 (1800 yr BP), KS2 (6000 yr BP) from the Ksudach volcano; BZ (2100–2300 yr BP) from the Bezymianny volcano; IАv5 (6500 yr BP) from the Avachinskiy volcano; HG (6900 yr BP) from the Khangar volcano; and PL (8600 yr BP) from the Ploskie Sopki (Ushkovsky) volcano. The early settlements took advantage of the high natural (food and raw material) resource diversity. The cultural inventories show a progressive environmental adjustment illustrated by the mixed stone-working technologies retaining archaic Palaeolithic techniques accompanied by new microlithization elements. The appearance of ceramics about 7000–5000 cal years ago, presently the earliest in the Russian North Far East, relates to the emergence of the more sedentary Early Neolithic tradition. The Ushki locality has key importance for the regional scheme of the prehistoric peopling of the Kamchatka Peninsula and the adjoining areas of NE Pacific Asia and Alaska.

中文翻译:

俄罗斯远东北部堪察加半岛史前早期人口的年代和环境背景

摘要 本文根据对 Ushki V 的最新调查,总结了当前堪察加半岛冰川后人类活动的证据,该遗址是目前半岛上最早、信息最丰富的人类居住遗址群。精制的 14С 站点年代地层学和地理背景多代理记录表明史前定居点至少有四个阶段,最古老的放射性碳年代为 ∼11300 yr BP (13300 cal yr)。较近期的包括从更新世/全新世过渡到中全新世的时间段,其居住序列可追溯到 11330–10350 14С yr BP (13320–12022 cal yr), 10240–9485 yr BP (1213125 yr) , 8608–7645 yr BP (9135–8413 cal yr),和约 5725–4055 yr BP (6679–4406 cal yr)。区域地质年代学提供了最准确的时间评估,对导致当前地形形成的动态新火山景观中的居住栖息地演变进行了评估。作为与时间等效火山爆发相关的关键绝对标记的主要考古火山灰层是:SH1(265 yr BP)、SH2(950 yr BP)、SH3(1400 yr BP)、SH5(2500 yr BP)、来自 Shiveluch 火山的 SH8300(8300 年 BP);来自 Baranii Crater(奥帕拉火山)的 OP(1500 年 BP);来自 Ksudach 火山的 KS1(1800 年 BP)、KS2(6000 年 BP);来自 Bezymianny 火山的 BZ(2100-2300 年 BP);来自 Avachinskiy 火山的 IАv5(6500 年 BP);来自 Khangar 火山的 HG (6900 yr BP);PL (8600 yr BP) 来自 Ploskie Sopki (Ushkovsky) 火山。早期的定居点利用了高度的自然(食物和原材料)资源多样性。文化清单显示了一种渐进的环境调整,混合石材加工技术保留了古老的旧石器时代技术,并伴随着新的微石化元素。大约 7000-5000 卡年前陶瓷的出现,目前最早出现在俄罗斯远东地区,与更久坐的新石器时代早期传统的出现有关。Ushki 地区对于堪察加半岛史前人口的区域规划以及东北太平洋亚洲和阿拉斯加的毗邻地区具有关键重要性。文化清单显示了一种渐进的环境调整,这种混合石材加工技术保留了古老的旧石器时代技术,并伴随着新的微石化元素。大约 7000-5000 卡年前陶瓷的出现,目前最早出现在俄罗斯远东地区,与更久坐的新石器时代早期传统的出现有关。Ushki 地区对于堪察加半岛史前人口的区域规划以及东北太平洋亚洲和阿拉斯加的毗邻地区具有关键重要性。文化清单显示了一种渐进的环境调整,这种混合石材加工技术保留了古老的旧石器时代技术,并伴随着新的微石化元素。大约 7000-5000 卡年前陶瓷的出现,目前最早出现在俄罗斯远东地区,与更久坐的新石器时代早期传统的出现有关。Ushki 地区对于堪察加半岛史前人口的区域规划以及东北太平洋亚洲和阿拉斯加的毗邻地区具有关键重要性。
更新日期:2021-01-01
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