Abstract The remarkable advancement of forward osmosis (FO) as a promising technology for water treatment encounter difficulties due to the synthesis and recovery of a suitable draw solution (DS). The easy recyclability of the draw solution and energy consumption are the critical issues in FO processes. In this work, we have introduced the magnetic core-hydrophilic shell nanoparticles as an efficient draw solute for FO processes. The surface of nanoparticles was modified with sodium alginate sulfate as a biocompatible, low toxic and relatively low-cost hydrophilic material. In this regard, the dispersibility and stability of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in aqueous solution was enhanced. The average water flux of 0.06 g mL–1 Fe3O4@SiO2-SAS was determined as 12.8 and 8.5 L m–2 h–1 with a reverse solute flux of 1.48 and 0.23 g m–2 h–1 in PRO and FO modes, respectively. Concentrations of 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 M NaCl have been used as feed solution to study the performance of the DS for desalination process. Moreover, the optimum DS was successfully used for treatment of a real wastewater. Eventually, the synthesized draw solution was recovered by a magnetic field and its reusability was tested. High stability and simple regeneration of DS decreases the cost of water production.

中文翻译：

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使用高度水分散性海藻酸钠包覆的 Fe3O4 纳米颗粒作为海水淡化的创新提取解决方案的正向渗透

摘要 正渗透（FO）作为一种有前途的水处理技术的显着进步由于合适的驱动溶液（DS）的合成和回收而遇到困难。拉丝溶液的易回收性和能源消耗是 FO 工艺中的关键问题。在这项工作中，我们引入了磁性核亲水壳纳米粒子作为 FO 过程的有效驱动溶质。纳米粒子的表面被海藻酸钠改性，作为一种生物相容性、低毒和相对低成本的亲水材料。在这方面，Fe3O4纳米颗粒在水溶液中的分散性和稳定性得到增强。在 PRO 和 FO 模式下，0.06 g mL-1 Fe3O4@SiO2-SAS 的平均水通量确定为 12.8 和 8.5 L m-2 h-1，反向溶质通量为 1.48 和 0.23 gm-2 h-1，分别。浓度为 0.05、0.1 和 0.2 M 的 NaCl 已被用作进料溶液，以研究脱盐过程中 DS 的性能。此外，最佳 DS 已成功用于处理实际废水。最后，合成的汲取溶液通过磁场回收并测试其可重复使用性。DS的高稳定性和简单的再生降低了产水成本。