A universal mechanism may be responsible for several unresolved cosmic conundra. The sudden drop in the pressure of relativistic matter at $W^{\pm }∕Z^0$ decoupling, the quark–hadron transition and $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ annihilation enhances the probability of primordial black hole (PBH) formation in the early Universe. Assuming the amplitude of the primordial curvature fluctuations is approximately scale-invariant, this implies a multi-modal PBH mass spectrum with peaks at $10^{-6}$, 1, 30, and $10^6{M}_{\odot }$. This suggests a unified PBH scenario which naturally explains the dark matter and recent microlensing observations, the LIGO/Virgo black hole mergers, the correlations in the cosmic infrared and X-ray backgrounds, and the origin of the supermassive black holes in galactic nuclei at high redshift. A distinctive prediction of our model is that LIGO/Virgo should observe black hole mergers in the mass gaps between 2 and $5M_{\odot }$ (where no stellar remnants are expected) and above $65M_{\odot }$ (where pair-instability supernovae occur) and low-mass-ratios in between. Therefore the recent detection of events GW190425, GW190814 and GW190521 with these features is striking confirmation of our prediction and may indicate a primordial origin for the black holes. In this case, the exponential sensitivity of the PBH abundance to the equation of state would offer a unique probe of the QCD phase transition. The detection of PBHs would also offer a novel way to probe the existence of new particles or phase transitions with energy between $1\mathrm{MeV}$ and $10^{10}$ GeV.

通用机制可能导致几个未解决的宇宙难题。相对论物质的压力突然下降${\mathrm{w\; ^}}^{\pm }∕{ž}^0$ 去耦，夸克-强子跃迁和 ${Ë}^{+}{Ë}^{-}$灭增加了早期宇宙中原始黑洞（PBH）形成的可能性。假设原始曲率波动的幅度大约是尺度不变的，这意味着多峰PBH质谱的峰值为$\mathrm{1个}{0}^{-6}$，1、30和 $\mathrm{1个}{0}^6{\mathrm{中号}}_{\odot }$。这表明存在一个统一的PBH情景，它自然地解释了暗物质和最近的微透镜观测结果，LIGO /处女座黑洞合并，宇宙红外和X射线背景的相关性以及银河系原子核超高质量黑洞的起源。红移。我们模型的一个独特预测是，LIGO /处女座应该在2到1之间的质量差中观察到黑洞合并。$5{\mathrm{中号}}_{\odot }$ （预计不会有恒星残留物）及以上 $\mathrm{65岁}{\mathrm{中号}}_{\odot }$（在其中发生对不稳定的超新星）和两者之间的低质量比率。因此，最近对具有这些功能的事件GW190425，GW190814和GW190521的检测令人震惊地证实了我们的预测，并且可能表明黑洞的原始起源。在这种情况下，PBH丰度对状态方程的指数敏感性将为QCD相变提供独特的方法。PBH的检测也将提供一种新颖的方法来探测新粒子或相变之间是否存在能量。$\mathrm{1个}\mathrm{病毒}$ 和 $\mathrm{1个}{0}^{10}$ GeV。