Schizophrenia is associated with memory disorders that affect patients in their daily life. Patients complain about difficulty to remember knowledge that has been recently learnt together with its context (episodic memory, EM) but also more complex events that have been personally experienced (autobiographical memory, AM). While deficits at both encoding and retrieval have been shown to account for EM disorders in schizophrenia, the cognitive mechanisms involved in AM disorders are more difficult to approach. This is partly explained by the conceptual difference between EM and AM. Some methodological limitations inherent to the AM research also reduce the possibility to investigate the early processing of complex and dynamic real-life events at encoding; rather the retrieval processes engaged have therefore been the focus of the bulk of extant research. The aim of this review is to summarize the main findings related to EM and AM research in patients with schizophrenia, to discuss the putative mechanisms that may account for patients' AM impairment, based in particular on the literature about EM, and to provide an agenda for future research aiming to further elucidate the role of encoding deficits in AM in patients.

精神分裂症与影响患者日常生活的记忆障碍有关。患者抱怨难以记住最近学到的知识及其上下文（情景记忆，EM）以及个人经历的更复杂的事件（自传体记忆，AM）。虽然编码和检索的缺陷已被证明是精神分裂症中 EM 障碍的原因，但 AM 障碍中涉及的认知机制更难以接近。这部分是由 EM 和 AM 之间的概念差异所解释的。AM 研究固有的一些方法学限制也降低了在编码时研究复杂和动态现实生活事件的早期处理的可能性；因此，所涉及的检索过程一直是大量现存研究的重点。本综述的目的是总结与精神分裂症患者 EM 和 AM 研究相关的主要发现，讨论可能解释患者 AM 损伤的假定机制，特别是基于有关 EM 的文献，并提供议程未来的研究旨在进一步阐明编码缺陷在患者中的作用。