This article develops a practical framework of Area Angle Monitoring (AAM) to monitor in real time the stress of bulk power transfer across an area of a power transmission system. Area angle is calculated from synchrophasor measurements in real time to provide alert to system operators if the area angle exceeds pre-defined thresholds. This article proposes a general method to identify the warning threshold of area angle and a simplified method to quickly update area angle thresholds under significant topology change. A mitigation strategy to relieve the area stress is also proposed. In order to handle the limited coverage of synchrophasor measurements, this article proposes a method to estimate phase angles for boundary buses without synchrophasor measurements, which extends the application scenario of AAM. AAM is verified for a power transmission area in the Western Electricity Coordinating Council system with both simulated data and synchrophasor measurements recorded from real events. A utility deployment for real-time application of AAM with livestream and recorded synchrophasor data is described.

中文翻译：

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使用同步相量进行实时区域角度监视：实用框架和实用程序部署

本文开发了一个实用的区域角度监视（AAM）框架，可以实时监视整个输电系统区域中大功率输电的压力。面积角由同步相量测量实时计算得出，如果面积角超过预定义的阈值，则会向系统操作员发出警报。本文提出了一种识别面积角警告阈值的通用方法，以及一种在拓扑发生重大变化时快速更新面积角阈值的简化方法。还提出了缓解区域应力的缓解策略。为了处理同步相量测量的有限范围，本文提出了一种无需同步相量测量的边界总线相位角估计方法，从而扩展了AAM的应用场景。在西方电力协调理事会系统中，通过从真实事件中记录的模拟数据和同步相量测量值对AAM进行了电力传输区域验证。描述了一种实时部署AAM和实时流并记录同步相量数据的实用程序部署。