5G calls for a network architecture that ensures ultraresponsive and ultrareliable communication links, in addition to the high degree of flexibility and customization required by different vertical sectors. The novel concept called local 5G networks enables a versatile set of stakeholders to operate 5G networks within their premises with guaranteed quality and reliability to complement mobile network operators’ (MNOs) offerings. This article proposes a descriptive architecture for a local 5G operator which provides user specific and location-specific services in a spatially confined environment, i.e., industrial Internet environment. In addition to that, the article proposes hybrid architecture options where both the local 5G operator and MNO collaboratively contribute to establish the core network to cater to such communications. The architecture is discussed in terms of network functions (NFs) and the operational units which entail the core and radio access networks in a smart factory environment which supports Industry 4.0 standards. Moreover, to realize the conceptual design, the article provides simulation results for the latency measurements of the proposed architecture options with respect to an augmented reality (AR), massive wireless sensor networks, and mobile robots use cases. Thereby the article discusses the benefits of deploying core NFs locally to cater to specialized user requirements, rather than continuing with the conventional approach where only MNOs can deploy cellular networks.

中文翻译：

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工业互联网本地5G运营商架构的性能分析

5G要求一种网络架构，除了不同垂直行业所需的高度灵活性和自定义功能外，还要确保超响应和超可靠的通信链接。称为本地5G网络的新颖概念使一组广泛的利益相关者能够在其房屋内运营5G网络，并保证质量和可靠性，以补充移动网络运营商（MNO）的产品。本文为本地5G运营商提出了一种描述性架构，该架构可在空间受限的环境（即工业Internet环境）中提供用户特定和位置特定的服务。除此之外，本文还提出了混合架构选项，其中本地5G运营商和MNO共同做出贡献以建立核心网络来迎合此类通信。讨论了该体系结构的网络功能（NF）和操作单元，这些单元需要在支持工业4.0标准的智能工厂环境中的核心和无线电接入网络。此外，为了实现概念设计，本文针对增强现实（AR），大规模无线传感器网络和移动机器人用例，提供了针对所提议的体系结构选项的延迟测量的仿真结果。因此，本文讨论了在本地部署核心NF以满足特定用户需求的好处，而不是继续采用仅MNO可以部署蜂窝网络的传统方法。