Boilers in hydronic heating systems are the norm in the UK. Through case study analysis, covering four houses with gas central heating systems for over one year and utilising novel monitoring of the on-board diagnostic data of the boilers, performance issues were identified in this mature technology. ON/OFF cycling behaviour and oversizing were prevalent with boilers consistently unable to modulate low enough to match the building space heating demand. Cycling behaviour resulted, known to be detrimental to efficiency, with the majority of boiler operations lasting less than 10 min. Targeted case study analysis of incumbent technologies, such as boilers, utilising the latest in data collection techniques and connected appliances provides a cost effective insight to broader issues. Implications for domestic energy demand range from incremental improvements in boiler system efficiency by addressing cycling to the updating of building energy assessment models (e.g. Standard Assessment Procedure) to reflect and reward the benefits of good installation practices. An improved understanding of boiler operation may support improved product design and installation practices and are beneficial to the next generation of domestic heat, such as heat pumps. By undertaking continued in situ analysis of the incumbent technology, a more thorough foundation for the future can be ascertained. Practical application Fundamental issues of oversizing and detrimental cycling behaviour are persisting in the industry. Practical steps can be taken immediately to avoid oversizing of boilers. Building an awareness of performance penalties associated with poorly planned heating installations will have added benefit for more dynamically sensitive technologies in the future, such as heat pumps.

中文翻译：

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通过锅炉透镜的加热系统：详细的案例研究可为当前和将来的加热系统设计提供信息

循环加热系统中的锅炉在英国很普遍。通过案例分析，该案例涵盖了四套配有燃气中央供暖系统的房屋，为期一年以上，并且利用对锅炉车载诊断数据的新颖监控，发现了这项成熟技术中的性能问题。开/关循环行为和尺寸过大普遍存在，锅炉始终无法调节得足够低，无法满足建筑空间供暖需求。循环行为导致了效率的降低，大多数锅炉运行持续不到10分钟。利用最新的数据收集技术和连接的设备，对诸如锅炉之类的现有技术进行有针对性的案例研究，可为更广泛的问题提供具有成本效益的洞察力。对家庭能源需求的影响范围包括通过解决循环问题而逐步提高锅炉系统效率，以及更新建筑能耗评估模型（例如标准评估程序）以反映和奖励良好安装规范的益处。加深对锅炉操作的理解可以支持改进的产品设计和安装实践，并且对下一代家庭供热（例如热泵）有利。通过对现有技术进行持续的原位分析，可以确定更全面的未来基础。实际应用行业中仍然存在尺寸过大和有害循环行为的根本问题。可以立即采取实际措施，以避免锅炉尺寸过大。