This paper attempts to investigate the potential of courtyards in optimizing natural ventilation and improving comfort levels in the learning spaces of a naturally ventilated educational institution with courtyards in the warm-humid climatic region of Madurai. Field measurements and experimental studies were carried out to predict the indoor and outdoor environmental conditions. The numerical study was carried out using computational fluid dynamics-based simulations using Ansys Fluent as the solver. The main aim of the simulation is to understand the airflow pattern and air velocity fields inside the classrooms surrounding the courtyards for different wind directions. The computational fluid dynamics results were validated by comparing it with the experimental results obtained in the current study and numerical results from other studies. The major findings of the current study suggest that courtyards with an aspect ratio of 1:2, orientations of openings at an angle of 0–20° to the predominant wind directions and the overall percentage of openings between 15 and 30% in buildings in Madurai region can enhance natural ventilation and thus improve thermal comfort of the occupants. Practical application : Naturally ventilated buildings in warm-humid climates have difficulty in providing thermal comfort to the occupants. CFD tools have been used to predict the ventilation performance of a naturally ventilated educational building with courtyards. The CFD results were helpful in identifying the implication of building design on the indoor air flow pattern. The recommendations given in this paper are applicable to any building type which relies on natural ventilation for thermal comfort provided they have similar building configurations, boundary conditions and weather conditions. The study is intended to help architects and building designers in the effective design of naturally ventilated buildings with respect to its climatic conditions.

中文翻译：

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CFD模拟，用于检查马杜赖有教区的教育建筑物学习空间中的自然通风

本文试图研究马杜赖暖湿气候地区设有院子的自然通风教育机构中院子在优化自然通风和提高学习水平方面的潜力。进行了现场测量和实验研究，以预测室内和室外环境条件。使用Ansys Fluent作为求解器，使用基于计算流体动力学的模拟进行了数值研究。模拟的主要目的是了解庭院周围教室内不同风向的气流模式和风速场。通过将其与当前研究中获得的实验结果以及其他研究中的数值结果进行比较，验证了计算流体动力学结果。当前研究的主要发现表明，马杜赖建筑物中长宽比为1：2的庭院，与主要风向成0-20度角的开孔方向以及开孔的总百分比在15％到30％之间区域可以增强自然通风，从而提高乘员的热舒适度。实际应用：在温暖潮湿的环境中，自然通风的建筑物很难为居住者提供热舒适感。CFD工具已用于预测带有庭院的自然通风的教育建筑的通风性能。CFD结果有助于确定建筑设计对室内气流模式的影响。本文给出的建议适用于任何依靠自然通风获得热舒适性的建筑类型，只要它们具有相似的建筑结构，边界条件和天气条件即可。该研究旨在帮助建筑师和建筑设计师就气候条件有效地设计自然通风的建筑物。