Titanium (Ti) is a common trace element in white Portland cement clinker. Ti⁴⁺ generally replaces Si⁴⁺ to form a solid solution in silicate minerals, which has an important influence on the mineral crystal form of white cement clinker. In this paper, the effects of Ti on the mineral composition and solid solution characteristics of white Portland cement clinker were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and Rietveld quantitative analysis. The results showed that the incorporation of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) stabilised the highly active α′_H-belite (C₂S), but over 1% will form calcium titanate (CaTiO₃) The crystal form of alite (C₃S) was T3→M1→M3→R with the increase of titanium dioxide content. Ti elements tended first to be solid soluble in the intermediate phase, then C₂S, and finally C₃S. The content of Ti in α′_H-C₂S was higher than that in β-C₂S. With the increase of titanium dioxide content, the calcium–silicon ratio of C₂S decreased first and then increased. In silicate minerals, Ti⁴⁺ replaced Si⁴⁺ to form titanate [TiO₄]. The Ca²⁺ ion in α′_H-C₂S was placed in a more electronegative environment, resulting in a larger binding energy of electrons in the 2p orbit.

中文翻译：

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Ti对白色硅酸盐水泥熟料晶体转变及固溶特性的影响

钛 (Ti) 是白色硅酸盐水泥熟料中常见的微量元素。Ti ⁴⁺一般取代Si ⁴⁺在硅酸盐矿物中形成固溶体，对白水泥熟料的矿物晶型有重要影响。本文通过 X 射线衍射 (XRD)、X 射线光电子能谱 (XPS)、扫描电子显微镜-能量色散 X 射线研究了 Ti 对白色硅酸盐水泥熟料矿物组成和固溶特性的影响。光谱 (SEM-EDS) 和 Rietveld 定量分析。结果表明，二氧化钛 (TiO ₂ ) 的加入稳定了高活性α ' _H- belite (C ₂S)，但超过1%会形成钛酸钙(CaTiO ₃ )。随着二氧化钛含量的增加，阿利特(C ₃ S)的晶型为T3→M1→M3→R。钛元素倾向于首先是固体溶于中间相，则C ₂ S，最后Ç ₃ S. Ti的含量α ' _ħ -C ₂ S为在高于β -C ₂ S.随着增加随着二氧化钛含量的增加，C ₂ S的钙硅比先降低后升高。在硅酸盐矿物中，Ti ⁴⁺取代Si ⁴⁺形成钛酸盐[TiO ₄ ]。钙²⁺α ' _H -C ₂ S 中的离子被置于更负电的环境中，导致 2p 轨道中电子的结合能更大。