Humans perform gaze shifts naturally through a combination of eye, head and body movements. Although gaze has been long studied as input modality for interaction, this has previously ignored the coordination of the eyes, head and body. This article reports a study of gaze shifts in virtual reality aimed to address the gap and inform design. We identify general eye, head and torso coordination patterns and provide an analysis of the relative movements’ contribution and temporal alignment. We quantify effects of target distance, direction and user posture, describe preferred eye-in-head motion ranges and identify a high variability in head movement tendency. Study insights lead us to propose gaze zones that reflect different levels of contribution from eye, head and body. We discuss design implications for HCI and VR, and in conclusion argue to treat gaze as multimodal input, and eye, head and body movement as synergetic in interaction design.

中文翻译：

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虚拟现实中视线转移期间的眼睛、头部和躯干协调

人类通过眼睛、头部和身体运动的组合自然地进行注视转换。尽管长期以来一直将凝视作为交互的输入方式进行研究，但这以前忽略了眼睛、头部和身体的协调。本文报告了一项关于虚拟现实中凝视转变的研究，旨在解决差距并为设计提供信息。我们确定了一般的眼睛、头部和躯干协调模式，并分析了相对运动的贡献和时间对齐。我们量化了目标距离、方向和用户姿势的影响，描述了首选的眼睛运动范围，并确定了头部运动趋势的高度可变性。研究见解使我们提出了反映眼睛、头部和身体不同程度贡献的凝视区域。我们讨论了 HCI 和 VR 的设计含义，