Prostate cancer (PC) is the most prevalent type of cancer in men worldwide. In Saudi Arabia, the rate of PC is increasing annually. The sex steroid hormones androgens and their receptors have critical roles in PC development and progression. Additionally, apoptosis-related proteins such as heat-shock proteins are vital molecules in PC development. Steroid hormone-deprivation therapies remain the essential treatment for patients with metastatic PCs; however, acquired resistance to hormone deprivation and the transition to PC androgen independence is a major health obstacle. In this review, we aim to detail the roles of androgens, androgen receptors and sex steroid hormones in inducing apoptosis in PC.

中文翻译：

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前列腺癌和治疗挑战

前列腺癌（PC）是全球男性中最普遍的癌症类型。在沙特阿拉伯，PC的速度逐年增加。性类固醇激素雄激素及其受体在PC的发展和进程中起着至关重要的作用。此外，与凋亡相关的蛋白质（例如热激蛋白）是PC开发中的重要分子。类固醇激素剥夺疗法仍然是转移性PC患者的基本治疗方法。然而，获得性抗激素剥夺和向PC雄激素独立性的过渡是主要的健康障碍。在这篇综述中，我们旨在详细探讨雄激素，雄激素受体和性类固醇激素在诱导PC细胞凋亡中的作用。