A microbubble nucleated due to the absorption of a tightly focused laser at the interface of a liquid–solid substrate enables directed and irreversible self-assembly of mesoscopic particles dispersed in the liquid at the bubble base. This phenomenon has facilitated a new microlithography technique which has grown rapidly over the past decade and can now reliably pattern a vast range of soft materials and colloids, ranging from polymers to metals to proteins. In this review, we discuss the science behind this technology and the present state-of-the-art. Thus, we describe the physics of the self-assembly driven by the bubble, the techniques for generating complex mesoarchitectures, both discrete and continuous, and their properties, and the various applications demonstrated in plastic electronics, site-specific catalysis, and biosensing. Finally, we describe a roadmap for the technique to achieve its potential of successfully patterning “everything” mesoscopic and the challenges that lie therein.

中文翻译：

---

使用激光诱导和操纵的微气泡的定向自组装驱动中尺度光刻：复杂的体系结构和多样的应用程序

由于在液体-固体基质的界面处吸收了紧密聚焦的激光，使成核的微气泡成核，从而使分散在气泡底部液体中的介观粒子具有定向且不可逆的自组装。这种现象促进了新的微光刻技术的发展，该技术在过去十年中迅速发展，现在可以可靠地对从聚合物到金属再到蛋白质的各种软材料和胶体进行图案化。在这篇评论中，我们讨论了该技术背后的科学和当前的最新技术。因此，我们描述了由气泡驱动的自组装的物理学，生成离散的和连续的复杂介观结构的技术及其特性，以及在塑料电子，特定于位的催化和生物传感中展示的各种应用。最后，